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New England Journal of Medicine, Volume 394, Issue 5, Page 451-462, January 29, 2026.

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In acute central retinal artery occlusion treated within 4.5 hours after onset, intravenous tenecteplase did not result in greater recovery of vision at 30 days than aspirin and was associated with serious safety concerns.

In metastatic hormone-receptor–positive, HER2-positive breast cancer, maintenance palbociclib plus anti-HER2 and endocrine therapies extended progression-free survival but increased toxic effects such as neutropenia.

Among men with hemophilia B, sustained endogenous factor IX expression and low annualized bleeding rates over the course of 5 years were seen after an infusion of etranacogene dezaparvovec.

The U.S. government can combat chronic disease among Medicare patients by strengthening primary care, expanding access to preventive care, making care more affordable, and modernizing Medicare benefits.

A 55-year-old woman with invasive ductal carcinoma presented with a rash that had developed after a round of chemotherapy and had worsened and spread to her axillae, groin, and popliteal fossae after several additional rounds.

When a physician is notified that the blood she donated to a biobank revealed a nonfounder BRCA2 variant, the future she has long imagined for herself telescopes inward — yet she knows she is lucky.

The retina is a specialized patch of central nervous system tissue located at the back of the eye. When the principal source of oxygen and metabolic substrates to the retina — the central retinal artery — is occluded, rapid retinal cell death and loss of visual function ensue. This acute...

In patients with previously untreated, PD-L1–positive, advanced triple-negative breast cancer, sacituzumab govitecan plus pembrolizumab led to significantly longer progression-free survival than chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab.

In resected stage III or IV melanoma, nivolumab improved 9-year recurrence-free survival as compared with ipilimumab (44% vs. 37%), with no new late adverse events and fewer subsequent therapies needed.

The concept of adjuvant therapy for cancer was developed at a time when systemic cancer treatment was limited to cytotoxic chemotherapy that could only be administered intermittently but rarely resulted in a complete response. Skipper1 and others hypothesized that if treatment were started early in the disease course,...

Recent FDA actions related to leucovorin have caused confusion. There is still a lack of scientific evidence establishing that the drug is a safe and effective treatment for autism.

In 11 patients with multirefractory autoimmune hemolytic anemia, CD19 CAR T-cell therapy resulted in a complete response, drug-free remission lasting a median of 11.5 months, and expected toxic effects.

Congress is considering bills that would substantially expand Medicare coverage of certain products. The legislation could undermine CMS’s authority to implement evidence-based coverage policies.

Despite use of smokeless tobacco products by more than 360 million people globally and increasing incidence of oral cancers, research and policies on these products have lagged behind those for cigarettes.

The ID, the pen, the epinephrine, the scalpel are the nonnegotiables, the necessities for any hospital shift. But they are not the only things a physician carries, and certainly not the most burdensome.

In relapsed or refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, off-the-shelf allogeneic base-edited CAR7 T cells mediated responses in 11 patients, enabling stem-cell transplantation in 9 patients in deep remission.

When she finds herself caring for a patient the same age and with the same rare disease as her brother, a physician discovers the impossibility of compartmentalizing her various identities.

An 80-year-old woman presented with a skin lesion on her left arm. Examination showed a brown lesion with eccentric hyperpigmented asymmetric globules adjacent to a second, pink lesion with well-defined borders.

In EGFR-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer, first-line osimertinib plus platinum–pemetrexed extended overall survival to 47.5 months, as compared with 37.6 months with osimertinib alone, but increased the risk of adverse events.

In EGFR-mutated advanced non–small-cell lung cancer with progression after EGFR-TKI therapy, sacituzumab tirumotecan led to better progression-free and overall survival outcomes than chemotherapy.

Reductions in development assistance funding by previous major donors—the USA, the UK, France, and Germany—have led to substantial challenges to global HIV control in 2025. Against this stark backdrop, World AIDS Day 2025 was commemorated globally on Dec 1, 2025. UNAIDS released a report ahead of the day detailing the impact of the unprecedented changing international aid landscape on global HIV control programmes worldwide, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries. Failure to meet the 2030 global HIV targets could result in an additional 3·3 million new HIV infections between 2025 and 2030, according to the report.

The PORTEC-4a trial1 provides, to the best of our knowledge, the first prospective, randomised evidence that a molecular integrated risk profile can safely guide adjuvant therapy decisions in high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer, reinforcing the rationale for incorporating molecular classification into clinical practice. According to Anne Sophie V M van den Heerik and colleagues’ findings in the Lancet Oncology,2 a refined molecular stratification supports a more tailored adjuvant treatment, enabling either de-escalation or intensification of radiotherapy based on individual tumour biology.

In The Lancet Oncology, Giacomo Montagna and colleagues1 report the results of the large international retrospective OPBC-07/microNAC study, comparing the oncological outcomes and 3-year axillary recurrence rate for 1585 patients with breast cancer and residual micrometastases at axillary staging after neoadjuvant chemotherapy with and without completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The feasibility and safety of axillary surgery de-escalation in patients with breast cancer who are at high risk of arm morbidity after ALND is an important clinical question.

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and the number of cancer cases is rising in most countries. This increase presents a substantial challenge for health systems across the globe, as extensive resources are required for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer patients.

SKYSCRAPER-08, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial, marks a milestone in the treatment of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.1 Patients were randomly assigned to receive tiragolumab (a TIGIT inhibitor) plus atezolizumab (a PD-L1 inhibitor) and chemotherapy (paclitaxel and cisplatin) or to receive placebo and chemotherapy. Median progression-free survival was 6·2 months (95% CI 5·7–7·2) with tiragolumab plus atezolizumab versus 5·4 months (4·4–5·5) without (hazard ratio [HR] 0·56, 95% CI 0·45–0·70; p<0·0001), whereas median overall survival was 15·7 months (95% CI 13·3–20·4) versus 11·1 months (9·6–13·6; HR 0·70, 95% CI 0·55–0·88; p=0·0024).

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains among the deadliest cancers globally, primarily because symptoms typically appear at a late stage, resulting in diagnosis when curative treatment is no longer possible. Furthermore, detection of PDAC and other periampullary cancers on CT scans is challenging and requires specialised radiological expertise. However, even experienced radiologists miss early-stage tumours on CT scans; in a 2023 study, 15 expert radiologists achieved an average sensitivity of just 79·6% when reading contrast-enhanced CTs for PDAC.

Guidelines for managing deleterious symptoms from cancer and its treatments have been largely underused in practice. To address this problem, the National Cancer Institute launched the Improving the Management of Symptoms During and Following Cancer Treatment (IMPACT) consortium,1 an alliance of three research centres leading large-scale trials of electronic patient-reported outcome measure (ePROM) symptom surveillance and management systems. Andrea L Cheville and colleagues2 report findings from one IMPACT trial, showing positive effects of an enhanced, electronic health record (EHR)-facilitated cancer symptom control (E2C2) intervention on patients' and survivors' symptom burden and health-care use.

HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma has a distinct biology and responds favourably to primary radiation (and surgery)-based treatments. The long-term survival benefit is, however, offset by chronic detrimental impact on health-related quality of life for cancer survivors due to treatment-related toxic effects such as dysphagia and xerostomia. Consequently, many toxicity-mitigating de-escalation methods are being explored for HPV-associated oropharyngeal carcinoma.1 Minimally invasive primary transoral surgery followed by de-intensification of post-operative (chemo) radiation depending on pathological risk assessment is one such investigational approach.

In September, 2025, The Lancet Oncology published results of the phase 3 MC1675 study on de-escalated adjuvant radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant treatment for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.1 After publication, the corresponding author alerted us to numerical errors present in table 1 caused by a mistranscription of the number of patients in each category of nodal staging by AJCC 7th edition staging and AJCC 8th edition staging. These errors did not affect other data, findings, or interpretation in the paper and we have thus corrected the online version as of Dec 22, 2025.

The ESPAC1 and ESPAC1-Plus trials in 2001 and 2004 respectively established surgery and six months of adjuvant chemotherapy as the standard of care for empirically resectable pancreatic cancer. This protocol was confirmed repeatedly over the last 25 years, leading to an enormous increase in the volume of patients being treated with surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. The development of improved cancer treatment strategies requires that randomised controlled trials that aimed to be practice changing should include the best current standard of care as the control group.

We congratulate Quisette P Janssen and colleagues on the phase 3 PREOPANC-2 trial.1 PREOPANC-2 was the successor of the phase 3 PREOPANC-1, which showed improved overall survival following pre-operative chemoradiotherapy and surgery versus surgery for patients with anatomically resectable or borderline resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. In light of the superiority for post-operative FOLFIRINOX versus gemcitabine and multiple rationales for pre-operative multi-agent chemotherapy, PREOPANC-2 tested the hypothesis that overall survival was longer following pre-operative FOLFIRINOX versus the gemcitabine-based chemoradiotherapy PREOPANC-1 approach.

We thank John P Neoptolemos and colleagues for their letter. They state that the ESPAC-1 trial set the standard of care for adjuvant therapy in resectable pancreatic cancer.1 However, ESPAC-1 set the standard of care for resected pancreatic cancer, including only those patients who had no occult metastases at surgery, underwent a resection, recovered from surgery, had no early recurrence, and remained fit for adjuvant treatment. In the adjuvant group of nine randomised controlled trials comparing neoadjuvant with adjuvant therapy, only 80% of all patients with resectable pancreatic cancer became patients with resected pancreatic cancer.

We read with interest the Comment by Susan C Pitt and Megan Haymart1 on our Article on genetic modification of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system in papillary thyroid cancer2 and hold the following conservative opinions.

van der Lei S, Puijk RS, Dijkstra M, et al. Thermal ablation versus surgical resection of small-size colorectal liver metastases (COLLISION): an international, randomised, controlled, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol 2025; 26: 187–99—In this Article, all data labelled as IQR in the Summary, table 1 legend, and Results should have been labelled as range; figure 2 has also been updated. These corrections have been made to the online version as of Dec 22, 2025.

Ma D, Price K, Moore E, et al. De-escalated adjuvant radiotherapy versus standard adjuvant treatment for human papillomavirus-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (MC1675): a phase 3, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2025; 26: 1227–39—In table 1 of this Article, the number of participants in each AJCC 8th edition N stage and AJCC 7th edition N stage at baseline have been corrected. This correction has been made as of Dec 22, 2025.

Tang L-L, Huang C-L, Lin S-J, et al. Primary target volume delineation for radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: CSTRO, CACA, CSCO, HNCIG, ESTRO, and ASTRO guidelines and contouring atlas. Lancet Oncol 2025; 26: e477–87—In this Policy Review, the first sentence of Recommendation 3.3 should have read, “Posteriorly delineate the anterior third of the clivus (the cortex) if uninvolved (usually for T1 and T2 disease) and include the whole clivus (inferior, posterior column, up to the posterior clinoid process) for any clival involvement (usually for T3 and T4 disease).” This correction has been made to the online version as of Dec 22, 2025.

From October to November, 2025, a Working Group of 22 scientists from 12 countries met at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Lyon, France, to finalise their evaluation of the carcinogenicity of atrazine, alachlor, and vinclozolin.

New research by Andrew T Chan (Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA) and colleagues published in JAMA Oncology shows that younger women (aged ≤50 years) who eat the highest proportions of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are at a 45% increased risk of developing bowel polyps that can later develop into colorectal cancer. UPFs are novel branded products made from inexpensive industrial ingredients such as hydrogenated oils, protein isolates or glucose or fructose syrup, and cosmetic food additives (including dyes, artificial sweeteners, and emulsifiers).

On Nov 6, 2025, WHO published six new target product profiles for child‑friendly formulations of essential cancer medicines. The profiles aim to support the development of age‑appropriate formulations and close gaps in paediatric cancer care.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is causing more than 35 000 deaths per year across Europe. According to estimates by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), based on 2024 data submitted by all countries in the EU and European Economic Area, Europe has met only one of five targets set to tackle the issue.

Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance, a public–private global health partnership with the goal of increasing access to immunisation in developing countries, is celebrating after working with lower-income countries to reach a key target to vaccinate millions of girls with the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine for cervical cancer in mid-November, 2025—6 weeks ahead of its original 3-year target.

On Nov 21, 2025, a ministerial media release announced a new legislation passed through Australian Parliament, expanding presumptive workers' compensation coverage for firefighters diagnosed with cancer. The new legislation extends the current list of 12 recognised malignancies in New South Wales, Australia, to include ten new cancers, including primary site lung, pancreatic, thyroid, and skin cancers. Reproductive cancers including cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, vulval, and penile were also included.

The UK has agreed a deal with the USA for a 0% tariff on pharmaceuticals in return for a 25% increase to the threshold at which the National Health Service (NHS) deems medicines to be cost-effective.

On Nov 19, 2025, the UK Government launched the first Men's Health Strategy for England. The policy paper noted that, over the past decade, healthy life expectancy for men has fallen by 1·5 years and that men in parts of the country with the most poverty die on average 10 years earlier than men in parts with the least poverty. Men are more likely than women to smoke, drink alcohol, or use drugs, and be overweight or have obesity. 19% of deaths in men over 35 years are attributable to smoking, seven percentage points higher than women in the same age group, and 68% of deaths from liver disease are in men.

Cancer vaccines represent a transformative frontier in oncology, offering the potential to elicit durable and specific immune responses against tumour-associated or tumour-specific antigens. This technology has the potential to treat established malignancy, reduce tumour relapse, and even prevent cancer formation—improving survival outcomes. Advances in neoantigen discovery, mRNA vaccine platforms, and personalised immunotherapy have substantially enhanced the feasibility and efficacy of cancer vaccines across various malignancies.

Individualised adjuvant treatment by molecular integrated risk profile is safe and effective for patients with high-intermediate risk endometrial cancer; it spared 46% of patients with a favourable profile from adjuvant treatment, and reduces both overtreatment and undertreatment.

Vebreltinib showed antitumour activity in patients with MET amplification-driven advanced NSCLC who had previously received chemotherapy or were chemotherapy-naive. Further research is needed to validate these findings.

Long-term follow-up confirms that radiotherapy followed by 12 cycles of adjuvant temozolomide without concurrent temozolomide during radiotherapy improves survival for individuals with aggressive IDHmt astrocytoma.

Overall, these results do not support ALND for all patients with ypN1mi on sentinel lymph node biopsy treated with nodal radiotherapy; however, tumour biology should be taken into account when considering ALND omission.

Nivolumab plus docetaxel did not improve progression-free survival or overall survival versus placebo plus docetaxel in patients with ARPI-pretreated, chemotherapy-naive mCRPC. These findings do not support the use of combinations of anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors and docetaxel in the treatment of unselected populations of patients with ARPI-pretreated, chemotherapy-naive mCRPC.

US cancer mortality rates among working-age adults vary substantially by sex, occupation, and cancer site, suggesting workplace-related exposures beyond carcinogens. These findings highlight the need to study how working conditions, structural inequities, and health-care access influence cancer mortality risk by occupation.

These results support the additional benefit of tiragolumab combined with atezolizumab and chemotherapy for patients with treatment-naive, locally advanced unresectable or metastatic oesophageal cancer. Further validation of tiragolumab plus atezolizumab and chemotherapy has been performed in the phase 3 SKYSCRAPER-08 trial (NCT04540211).

Independent review facility-assessed progression-free survival and overall survival were significantly better in the tiragolumab plus atezolizumab and chemotherapy group compared with chemotherapy alone for unresectable locally advanced, unresectable recurrent, or metastatic oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. These data support the rationale for exploring dual checkpoint inhibition added to chemotherapy for this group of patients with a high unmet need.

AI demonstrated substantially improved PDAC detection on routine CT scans compared to radiologists on average, showing potential to detect cancer earlier and improve patient outcomes.

Centralised EHR-facilitated, symptom surveillance and collaborative care management are more beneficial than symptom surveillance alone in reducing the population burden of SPPADE symptoms in oncology patients.

In adult patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent diffuse glioma, more extensive resection is associated with longer progression-free and overall survival. Intraoperative mapping techniques are used to safely increase the extent of resection by locating, monitoring, and preserving the function of potentially infiltrated brain during surgery. However, there is no consensus on the indications for intraoperative mapping, the optimal functional tests to be used intraoperatively, or intraoperative decision making.

Historically, the assessment of surgical outcomes in patients with glioma has been focused on technical outcomes, such as volumetric analysis of the residual tumour, progression-free survival, and overall survival. Other outcomes, such as neurological deficits, can be challenging to assess in an objective, quantifiable, and comprehensive manner. As a result, no consensus is available on methods to systematically evaluate perioperative neurological, language, cognitive, and functional outcomes in patients with glioma.

Histopathologically detected extranodal extension leads to upstaging and treatment escalation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. There is considerable variation in the prevalence of histopathologically detected extranodal extension in comparable studies. The Head and Neck Cancer International Group, which includes 23 organisations managing patients with head and neck cancer, identified several challenges in evaluating histopathologically detected extranodal extension. Thus, the Head and Neck Consensus Language for Ease and Reproducibility (HN-CLEAR) and its global stakeholders prioritised developing diagnostic criteria and uniform terminology for histopathologically detected extranodal extension.

Adolescents and young adults aged 15–39 years diagnosed with cancer are faced with unique challenges, which affect key developmental milestones and can create complex care needs. The aim of this study was to reach international consensus on the minimum set of outcomes to measure through the development of a core outcome set (COS). The COS development followed published methodological standards. A literature review and interviews with adolescents and young adults with cancer and health-care professionals generated a comprehensive list of 129 outcomes, spanning clinical and patient-reported outcomes relevant to adolescents and young adults with cancer.

A 30-year-old woman presented to the Vascular Anomalies Centre at Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital in February, 2021, for a worsening and painful left inguinal arteriovenous fistula, which had been diagnosis 7 years previously following a strain 10 years ago. Initial endovascular embolisation in 2014 provided only transient relief, with subsequent symptom recurrence, progressive deep vein thrombosis, limb oedema, and claudication. By 2018, she had developed orthopnoea indicative of cardiac failure and required continuous diuretics, having received only symptomatic care until her presentation.

Lithuania has now joined a growing list of more than 100 countries worldwide that have introduced a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). The tax, introduced from Jan 1, 2026, means the Baltic nation is one of many countries using fiscal policies to help encourage healthier diets across its population. Lithuania will also be taxing artificially sweetened beverages.

Under the Trump Administration, the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) plans to stop considering the lives and money saved by controlling air pollution caused by two pollutants—fine particulate matter (PM2·5) and ozone—while setting clean-air rules. According to the plan, instead of calculating the monetary value of saving human lives, EPA will focus only on the cost to the industry while setting rules for the pollution limits of PM2·5 and ozone.

In cancer trials, clinical investigators report and grade adverse events on behalf of their patients via the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) scale—including for highly subjective events such as fatigue, nausea, or sensory neuropathy. However, this approach has been found to be unreliable.

Availability of PRO data to providers for CTCAE rating improves the consistency of provider-based symptomatic adverse event detection in patients with cancer. PRO data supports reliable assessment of treatment-related toxicity, highlighting the value of integrating PRO data into clinical evaluations within cancer trials.

Cabozantinib with temozolomide showed a meaningful clinical benefit and could potentially be a viable treatment option for patients with unresectable or metastatic leiomyosarcoma. Treatment was tolerable and did not reveal any new safety signals.

WHO is calling on governments to raise taxes on alcoholic beverages and sugary drinks after two new reports show both have become cheaper over the past few years. National tax policies should ensure these unhealthy products become less affordable over time, highlights WHO. However, the reports released on Jan 13, 2026, reveal that only 37 countries have achieved this trend for beer and only 34 for sugar-sweetened carbonated drinks. Allowing sugary drinks and alcohol to become more affordable will result in a rise in non-communicable diseases and injuries, warns WHO.

Pembrolizumab plus lenvatinib showed promising anti-tumour activity and manageable safety in patients with recurrent CCGC, including in patients with disease progression following previous treatment with anti-angiogenic therapy. These findings support further evaluation of this combination in randomised controlled trials.

The therapeutic landscape of early-stage EGFR-mutated non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been irreversibly transformed by adjuvant EGFR tyrosine-kinase inhibitors.1 This paradigm shift began with the ADAURA trial, which established postoperative osimertinib as the first adjuvant targeted therapy to deliver durable survival benefit in molecularly defined NSCLC.2,3 Its effects extended beyond recurrence delay, providing clear evidence that early systemic intervention can improve cure rates and prevent metastatic relapse, especially in the brain.

Aumolertinib showed substantial clinical benefits as adjuvant therapy in Chinese patients with stage II–IIIB EGFR-mutated NSCLC. The manageable safety profile of aumolertinib supports its suitability in the adjuvant setting.

The significantly improved overall survival and patient-reported measures in CARTITUDE-4 reinforce the use of cilta-cel in treating relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma as early as after first relapse.

The recent media coverage of interim results from the PATHFINDER2 study of GRAIL's Galleri multicancer detection blood test exemplifies a troubling and recurring trend in science communication: the commercially driven, premature framing of non-peer-reviewed data as proof of a transformative breakthrough. Released via an embargoed press statement on Oct 17, 2025, and then presented as a late-breaking abstract at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress,1 the study's hand-picked performance metrics prompted a wave of enthusiastic, uncritical reporting across mainstream media outlets.

FET-PET-based target volume delineation for re-irradiation did not lead to a significant clinical benefit compared with CE-T1MRI-based treatment in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. Thus, CE-T1MRI remains the preferred delineation method in this setting.

Global tobacco control measures have led to substantial decrease in the number of tobacco users—from 1·38 billion in 2000 to 1·20 billion in 2024, but there are concerns over possible undermining of these measures in some countries, due to untoward activities including illicit tobacco trade and interference of the tobacco industry in policy making.

In the phase 3 IidERA trial presented by Aditya Bardia (University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA), adjuvant giredestrant, an oral selective oestrogen receptor degrader (SERD) showed significant improvement in invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) compared with standard-of-care endocrine therapy in patients with early-stage HR+ HER2– breast cancer. 4170 patients were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either 30 mg of giredestrant or tamoxifen, letrozole, anastrozole, or exemestane.

The development of bispecific antibodies to treat B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma has marked a substantial advance that offers new hope for patients. The bispecific T-cell engager epcoritamab joins a growing list of treatments for several lymphoma settings, with encouraging results presented at the American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting. In the EPCORE FL-1 trial, 488 patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma received lenalidomide and rituximab with and without epcoritamab, with a positive result for the dual primary endpoint of overall response rate and progression-free survival leading to this combination being approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on Nov 18, and it joins mosunetuzumab as a bispecific antibody treatment option for this disease setting.

“The patient voice, especially when informed and reflective, can illuminate blind spots that data alone cannot,” writes Roanna Maharaj, a patient with β-thalassaemia, emphasising the importance of patients being active participants in decision making, and one of several articles on thalassaemia in this issue of The Lancet Haematology. That there are now multiple treatment options is a testament to the work that has gone into improving outcomes for patients in recent years and is also discussed in a Viewpoint that presents a prioritisation-based matrix for deciding how best to treat transfusion-dependent β-thalassaemia in settings with limited resources.

Esther CHL, Fan BE, Hew YY, Poon LM. Medical tourism for cellular therapy: a clinical perspective. Lancet Haematol 2025; 12: e978–85—In this Viewpoint, Bingwen Eugene Fan's name was incorrect. This correction has been made to the online version as of Dec 31, 2025.

I was 8 years old when my spleen nearly ruptured. The first sign was not pain but the sudden inability to finish dinner—dangerous ground in a Cypriot immigrant family. My mother rubbed warm olive oil on my abdomen, a home remedy that offered comfort but no cure. Days later we learned my spleen had grown so large it pressed against my stomach, making eating impossible. Despite days in hospital and a transfusion, my greatest relief was being absolved of the cardinal sin of leaving my mother's louví (black eyed peas) unfinished.

“Empathy begins where certainty ends.” — Anonymous

The conduct of thalassaemia-related clinical trials in Lebanon, a nation recently afflicted by armed conflict, reflects the exceptional resilience, ingenuity, and adaptability of its health-care professionals. Despite enduring an escalating threat of armed violence, clinical research in Lebanon has not only survived, but it has also evolved. This Global haematology article outlines how thalassaemia clinical trials were managed under wartime conditions at the Chronic Care Center, a specialised long-term care thalassaemia centre located in Hazmieh, Lebanon, and affiliated with the American University of Beirut in Lebanon.

In patients with Richter transformation, epcoritamab monotherapy showed clinically meaningful antitumour activity, although the investigator-assessed overall response rate was below the alternative hypothesis of 50%, with a safety profile consistent with previous studies. These findings support further investigation of epcoritamab as a potential treatment option for patients with Richter transformation.

Among non-anaemic iron deficient pregnant women, intravenous iron therapy significantly improved maternal haemoglobin before delivery, compared with oral iron prophylaxis. Ferritin screening should be considered in early pregnancy, as intravenous iron therapy is effective in those tested positive for non-anaemic deficiency.

IberCd is an all-oral and active combination for patients with relapsed and refractory multiple myeloma that showed clinically meaningful activity. This regimen offers a valuable treatment option for patients who have received two to four previous lines of therapy and compares favourably with other available treatments.

During extended treatment for cancer-associated VTE, four predictors of clinically relevant bleeding were identified in the overall population, with no evidence of interaction with the dosing regimen. Although the API-CAT study was not designed to specifically address anticoagulation discontinuation, our findings might help clinicians to more effectively balance the benefits and risks of extended anticoagulant therapy.

β-thalassaemia is an inherited haemoglobinopathy characterised by ineffective erythropoiesis and chronic anaemia of varying severity, which is predominant in the region extending from the Mediterranean basin and Middle East towards southeast Asia. Patients with severe phenotypes require lifelong transfusions, iron overload monitoring, and chelation. Suboptimal management due to access challenges continues to be directly linked to increased morbidity and mortality in many regions. In the past few decades, an improved understanding of the underlying pathogenesis of β-thalassaemia has led to the development of several disease-modifying therapies and curative gene manipulation techniques.

While the great majority of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) do well long-term with modern therapy that inhibits ABL tyrosine kinase activity, patients who do not respond deeply or who progress on therapy remain a challenge. The key to overcoming this is better understanding of the biology of CML diversity. Thakur and Karlsson cogently review what we have learned in recent years from the study of single cells, including leukemia stem cells in multiomic studies. They synthesize the data into working models and suggest a roadmap for future research directions that may assist future clinical practice.

Daratumumab (Dara) is a cornerstone of modern first-line therapy for multiple myeloma, but not all patients are fit enough to receive Dara-containing triplet or quadruplet combination therapy. In a phase 2 study, Meads et al assessed a response-adapted approach commencing with Dara for 2 months for older, frail patients. They found that more than one-third of the patients did not require addition of other agents to achieve a durable response and that CD38 was typically highly expressed in their myelomas. Further, they showed that there is dynamic loss of plasma cell transcriptional programs with Dara exposure and that baseline transcriptional phenotype resembling memory B cells and signatures of exhausted immune microenvironment are associated with Dara resistance.

G protein–coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) has emerged as an attractive alternative target in multiple myeloma (MM) because it is expressed independently of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) on malignant plasma cells but has limited expression in normal tissues. In a phase 1 trial, Pan et al demonstrated that RD118, a fully human GPRC5D-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, induced durable remissions in a high proportion of patients with heavily pretreated MM, including 5 of 7 with relapse after BCMA-directed CAR T-cell therapy. In contrast to previous GPRC5D-targeted CAR T-cell studies, no cerebellar toxicity was reported. Although these early data require validation, they are highly promising.

In recent years, RNA posttranscriptional modifications, collectively known as the epitranscriptome, have emerged as new players in the regulation of hematopoiesis. By combining CRISPR screening and molecular and functional analyses, Rabany and colleagues reveal compelling evidence that rRNA modifications act as a fine-tuning mechanism of translation regulation in hematopoiesis. This has direct consequences for the determination of stem cell fate.

The majority of patients with relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) treated with B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)–targeting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells will progress. Rieger et al describe the regulation of BCMA expression at the cell membrane by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. They provide data supporting the use of proteasome inhibitors as a way of increasing the abundance of BCMA on MM cells and, consequently, increasing BCMA CAR T-cell efficacy. Preliminary clinical data indicate that carfilzomib therapy after post–CAR T-cell progression does increase BCMA expression and in some instances may appear to trigger a CAR T-cell–mediated response, setting the scene for formal evaluation of this approach.

Understanding how protein-protein interactions occur is central to modern drug development. Üstok and colleagues overcame a barrier to solving critical structural aspects of prothrombinase by engineering a human prothrombinase complex that assembles without membranes, allowing its high-resolution structural determination by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Their solution aligns with biochemical research and sheds new light on a critical protein-protein interaction with significant modulatory implications for hemostasis and anticoagulant development.

Menin inhibitors are emerging as novel treatments for a subset of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), especially those with lysine methyltransferase 2A (KMT2A) rearrangements or nucleophosmin (NPM1) mutations, where they interrupt inappropriate self-renewal. Fetsch and colleagues demonstrate that menin inhibitors can also work in less direct ways by promoting immune elimination of AML through the dual actions of increasing leukemia immunogenicity and enhancing T-cell effector function. This work provides a strong rationale for clinical testing of menin inhibitors in the post–allogeneic transplant setting, either as maintenance or for occult or overt relapse in concert with donor lymphocyte infusion.

Participant completion of remote germline testing was facilitated at rates higher than the 10% previously reported. Remote genetic testing can augment uptake of testing in large, integrated health care systems.

The OAC‐D identified five unique domains of depression, only one of which overlapped with DSM criteria. It demonstrated robust psychometric properties, providing a nuanced alternative to DSM‐based measures and addressing the distinctive psychological challenges of cancer and aging.

Consistent heavy alcohol intake and higher average lifetime alcohol drinking may increase CRC risk, whereas cessation may lower adenoma risk. Associations may differ by tumor site.

This study highlights that KT127 has a manageable safety profile and shows preliminary biological activity in patients with advanced ovarian cancer, particularly those who have failed multiple lines of therapies.

While confirming the critical prognostic role of ELTS risk and TKI treatment and DMR duration even before TFR2, this real‐life study provides further information to support the safety of a second effort to discontinue TKIs in patients with CML, as a failed first attempt does not appear to preclude a second successful one.

Radiotherapy treatment planning hinges on a critical factor: the prescribed dose. Surprisingly, there is no consistent, standardised global approach to evaluating the dosimetry of this prescription across different centres treating head and neck cancer (HNC). This study aimed to quantify global dose variations for identical prescriptions across international centres treating oropharyngeal cancer, to establish the foundation for future outcome-based studies and improve consistency of interpretation worldwide.

The Spinal Instability in Neoplasia Score (SINS) is the gold standard to determine if the metastatically involved spine is stable, potentially unstable, or frankly unstable. In potentially unstable spines, clarity is needed about the risk of post-stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) vertebral compression fracture (VCF) and which patients may benefit from early stabilization. We aimed to identify predictors of VCF following spine SBRT in patients with potentially unstable SINS spinal metastases..

During the past decade, a deepening awareness of the importance of well-being among healthcare professionals has coalesced.1 Yet this awakening has not occurred in a vacuum. Across the United States and the world, people are navigating unprecedented stressors: rapid technological and societal change, widened political polarization, armed conflicts, natural disasters worsened by climate change, and economic as well as social uncertainty. Against this backdrop, mental health difficulties have become a major challenge in multiple regions and population groups, and healthcare professionals are not immune.

Deformable dose mapping (DDM) and accumulation (DDA) are essential tools in lung cancer stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT). Here we provide a critical review of deformable image registration (DIR)–based dose mapping and accumulation techniques in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancers, with emphasis on methodological principles, clinical applications, limitations, and guidance for practice. A broad appraisal of the literature was conducted, emphasizing deformable image registration (DIR) algorithms and related dose mapping strategies, including direct dose mapping (DDM), voxel warping, and energy/mass-congruent mapping (EMCM).

The use of SABR for oligometastatic cancer is expanding, but prospective long-term survival data are limited. This study reports long-term secondary outcomes of overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), local control, and prognostic factors from the population-based phase 2 SABR-5 trial.

Stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) is an emerging indication for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), yet there is a need for standardizing contouring practices, as accurate target delineation is essential to ensure optimal outcomes. Our objective was to develop consensus guidelines for target volume contouring for RCC SABR.

Immuno-radiobiology is an interdisciplinary field exploring the interactions between ionizing radiation therapy, the tumor-immune microenvironment, and the immune system. The immune response to radiation is an important contributor to the efficacy of radiotherapy and has the potential to influence susceptibility to immunotherapies. Preclinical and some clinical evidence suggest combinations of radiotherapy with immunotherapies improve tumor response, but a greater understanding of their interacting mechanisms is needed to optimize these combinations.

Pelvic radiation therapy is central to the curative treatment of a range of malignancies, including rectal, anal, gynecologic, and pediatric pelvic tumors, but it inevitably leads to irreversible damage to reproductive organs.1 The ovaries are exquisitely radiosensitive, and doses as low as 2 Gy can impair ovarian reserve, whereas cumulative doses above 6 to 10 Gy usually result in permanent ovarian insufficiency.2 The uterus is also profoundly affected, because radiation therapy induces endometrial atrophy, myometrial fibrosis, and vascular compromise, resulting in amenorrhea, uterine shrinkage, and complete loss of reproductive capacity.

The safety and efficacy of hypofractionated-radiation (hypo-RT) and chemotherapy for locally advanced endometrial cancer is unknown. We evaluated the safety of hypo-RT sequenced after chemotherapy for patients with locally advanced endometrial cancer.

A number of recent peer reviewed articles pertinent to computed tomographic (CT) lung cancer screening (LCS) contain substantial methodological flaws that contribute to the propagation of misinformation. Herein we highlight 3 important examples of misinformation regarding LCS: (1) the overestimation of downstream imaging and procedural complications after LCS, (2) the misrepresentation of LCS false-positive rate (FPR), and (3) the flawed analysis of oncogenic risk associated with radiation from CT scans.

Preoperative assessment of pathologic complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant therapy is an urgent need for anorectal preservation in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Artificial intelligence assistance remains challenging due to a lack of prospective validation and reliable interpretability.

Continuous chromosome missegregation over successive mitotic divisions, known as chromosomal instability (CIN), is common in cancer. Though it has been associated with treatment resistance and poor prognosis, increasing CIN above a maximally tolerated threshold leads to cell death because of loss of essential chromosomes. Because radiation causes CIN, we hypothesize that pre-existing CIN sensitizes tumor cells to radiation therapy.

SBRT schedules for prostate cancer are emerging as a standard treatment approach. However, although high efficacy is achieved in clinical trials, additional efforts at accurate treatment delivery are necessary to maximize the therapeutic ratio in the community setting. Kilovoltage Intrafraction Monitoring (KIM) is a technology developed to address the unmet clinical need of accurate intrafraction motion management without a requirement for additional hardware on standard linear accelerators. This paper describes the journey from bench to bedside of KIM.

Variability in auto-segmentation can arise from the training data, leading to disagreements with clinical practice. The anisotropic and localized nature of disagreements between two contours makes them challenging to evaluate using common metrics, which only provide insights on overall and global similarity.

Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) has become the standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). However, the optimal sequence and duration of treatment remain unclear. Hence, the long-term follow-up results from our previous randomized phase 2 trial on consolidation chemotherapy, which demonstrated improved short-term pathologic outcomes, could provide valuable clinical evidence supporting TNT.

The evolution of breast cancer radiotherapy has witnessed a paradigm shift from conventional fractionation to hypofractionation and now ultra-hypofractionation, with multiple randomized trials demonstrating non-inferiority in both disease control and cosmetic outcomes. A central, yet under-emphasized, determinant of this success is plan optimization by dose homogeneity. As fraction size increases, the biological impact of dose heterogeneity becomes magnified, making volumetric control of high-dose regions essential for both cosmesis and reducing late-effects.

When patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) progress, as is common with such an aggressive malignancy, brain metastasis is a known possibility. As such, guidelines have recommended prophylactic cranial irradiation for patients with SCLC who respond well to first-line therapy to decrease the...

The first prospective, randomized phase III trial of a noncovalent Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor exclusively in treatment-naive patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL)—BRUIN CLL-313—demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically...

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is the most common form of pancreatic cancer, and is most often diagnosed at advanced, unresectable stages, when 5-year survival is just 3%.

An artificial intelligence (AI)-based risk prediction model, ONCO-ACS, showed possible favorable clinical utility as a practical tool for predicting cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and ischemic stroke events in patients with cancer and acute coronary syndrome, according to findings...

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology by Iveson et al, final results of the UK-based noninferiority phase III SCOT trial have shown noninferiority of 3 vs 6 months of adjuvant oxaliplatin plus fluoropyrimidine chemotherapy in overall survival among patients with colorectal cancer....

As reported in The Lancet Oncology by Zhang et al, the Chinese phase III ARTS trial showed superior disease-free survival with the third-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor aumolertinib as adjuvant therapy vs placebo in patients with completely resected stage II to IIIB EGFR-mutated non–small ...

Sako et al conducted a prognostic study to evaluate whether a fully automated deep-learning radiomic biomarker based on serial CT scans could improve prediction of overall survival in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors. Their findings,...

In patients with advanced HER2-positive gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma, treatment with the bispecific antibody zanidatamab-hrii and chemotherapy, with or without the PD-1 inhibitor tislelizumab-jsgr, reduced the risk of disease progression or death by 35% over trastuzumab plus chemotherapy in the...

A randomized, controlled clinical trial for artificial intelligence (AI)–supported mammography readings, called the MASAI trial, demonstrated that AI reads of mammogram scans led to fewer interval breast cancer diagnoses than with standard double reads by radiologists, according to findings...

A response-adapted approach to treatment decision-making for patients with resectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma demonstrated that with the use of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, many patients could avoid surgery and/or radiotherapy.

Genetic ancestry plays a key role in determining the behavior of head and neck tumors and may help explain why African American patients survive for half as long as their counterparts of European ancestry, according to a new review study published by Ndahayo et al in Cancer and Metastasis Reviews.

The second annual report from the National Cancer Database (NCDB) of the American College of Surgeons (ACS) documents a substantial rise in neoadjuvant treatments, such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy, often allowing for less invasive surgery and helping clinicians assess how a...

The Cancer Research Institute (CRI) in collaboration with 10x Genomics, Stanford University School of Medicine, the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, has launched an open foundational database for cancer immunotherapy research. The

Tuesday, January 27, 2026 9:00 AM

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Adjuvant Durvalumab in Resected Early-Stage NSCLC

In a phase III trial (Canadian Cancer Trials Group BR.31) reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Goss et al found that adjuvant durvalumab did not improve disease-free survival vs placebo in patients with completely resected early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

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Ultrasound-Guided DOT May Reduce Unnecessary Breast Biopsies by Nearly 25%

A team of researchers and physicians found that utilizing ultrasound-guided diffuse optical tomography (DOT) technology may reduce unnecessary breast biopsy rates by nearly 25%. Using this new method first—rather than starting with a biopsy—may help to determine if additional diagnoses are needed...

Friday, January 30, 2026 11:56 AM

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AACR Announces Fellows of the AACR Academy Class of 2026

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) has announced its newly elected 2026 class of Fellows of the AACR Academy.

Friday, January 30, 2026 12:13 PM

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Extended Endocrine Therapy in Premenopausal Patients With Node-Positive, Hormone Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer

In a cohort study analysis reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Valenza et al found that extended endocrine therapy after 5 years of adjuvant luteinizing hormone–releasing hormone agonist (LHRHa) treatment was associated with benefit among premenopausal women with node-positive, hormone...

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Consensus Recommendations Developed for Use of Liquid Nitrogen Spray Cryotherapy in Barrett's Esophagus, Esophageal Cancer

The Spray Cryotherapy Esophageal Consortium has developed a set of expert and evidence-based consensus recommendations guiding the use of liquid nitrogen spray cryotherapy in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal cancer. The recommendations, decided upon through a modified Delphi process, were...

Friday, January 30, 2026 9:00 AM

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Machine Learning–Enhanced Prognostic Scoring Predicts Survival and Classifies Risk From Spinal Metastases

A prognostic scoring system for predicting 1-year survival in patients with advanced cancer and spinal metastases was enhanced with machine learning for greater accuracy, according to the results of a Japanese multicenter study published in Spine. 

Friday, January 30, 2026 9:00 AM

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Can Color Vision Deficiency Impact Survival in Bladder or Colorectal Cancer?

Color vision deficiency is an inherited condition affecting 1 in 12 males  (8%) and 1 in 200 females (0.5%), most often impairing the ability to distinguish the color red. A recent study published in Nature Health examined the possible impact of color vision deficiency on survival outcomes among...

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Comprehensive Multiomic Resource for HPV-Negative Head and Neck Cancers

In a comprehensive molecular characterization of the most common type of head and neck cancer, researchers from the United States and Poland have clarified the contribution of key cancer-associated genes, proteins, and signaling pathways in these cancers, while proposing possible new treatment...

Monday, January 11, 2021 12:48 PM

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Emergency Department Use and Unplanned Hospitalization Among Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: Association With Reported Symptom Burden

In a Canadian population-based study reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Noel et al found that patient-reported symptom burden was significantly associated with the likelihood of emergency department use and unplanned hospitalization among patients with head and neck cancer.

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Reduced-Dose Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy for HPV-Associated Oropharyngeal Carcinoma

In the phase II NRG Oncology HN002 trial reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Sue S. Yom, MD, PhD, and colleagues found that a reduced-dose intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) regimen for human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma satisfied...

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Endoscopic Nasopharyngectomy vs IMRT for Previously Treated, Resectable, Locally Recurrent Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

In a Chinese phase III trial reported in The Lancet Oncology, Liu et al found that endoscopic nasopharyngectomy was associated with improved overall survival vs intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in patients with resectable locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had received prior...

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FDA Pipeline: Designations in Ovarian, Head/Neck, and Thyroid Cancers

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Fast Track designation to a novel immunotherapy for the treatment of ovarian cancer as well as Breakthrough Therapy designation to treatments for HRAS-mutant head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and previously treated thyroid cancer....

Friday, March 5, 2021 1:08 PM

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FDA Pipeline: Novel Treatments in Lymphoma, Nasopharyngeal Cancer, Solid Tumors, and More

Recently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Priority Review to agents for several kinds of lymphoma, as well as nasopharyngeal cancer; a Breakthrough Therapy designation for a treatment for patients with NTRK-positive advanced solid tumors; and Fast Track designation for...

Tuesday, November 2, 2021 1:58 PM

Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is associated with poorer outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Females are more likely to have HFpEF but males have worse prognosis and resting RV function. The contribution of dynamic RV-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling between sex and its impact on peak exercise capacity (VO2) in HFpEF is not known.

A Phase I, single-center investigation demonstrated that 8 weeks of antimycobacterial therapy improved sarcoidosis forced vital capacity (FVC). Safety and efficacy assessments have not been performed in a multicenter cohort.

All aspects of medical education were affected by the Novel Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several challenges were experienced by trainees and programs alike due to the economic repercussions of the pandemic, how social distancing affected the delivery of medical education, testing and interviewing, how the surge of patients affected redeployment of personnel, potential compromise in core training and the overall impact on the wellness and mental health of trainees and educators.

In this meta-analysis of observational studies, RV dysfunction was associated with higher short-term and long-term mortality in sepsis and septic shock.

Legionella is an uncommon cause of CAP, occurring primarily from late spring through early autumn. Testing is uncommon, even among patients with risk factors, and many positive patients failed to receive empiric coverage for LP.

The nS classification could be used to provide a more accurate prognosis in patients with resected NSCLC. The nS is worth taking into consideration when defining nodal category in the forthcoming ninth edition of the staging system.

NLP successfully identified a large cohort with CC. Most patients were identified through NLP alone, rather than diagnoses or medications. NLP improved detection of patients nearly seven-fold, addressing the gap in ability to identify and characterize CC disease burden. Nearly all cases appeared to be managed in primary care. Identifying these patients is important for characterizing treatment and unmet needs.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease and much of our understanding stems from single-center studies, which are limited by sample size and generalizability. Administrative data offer an appealing opportunity to inform clinical, research, and quality improvement efforts for PAH. Yet, there is currently no standardized, validated method to distinguish PAH from other subgroups of pulmonary hypertension (PH) within this data source.

A transparent DL algorithm improves on traditional clinical criteria to predict the need for MV in hospitalized patients, including in those with COVID-19. Such an algorithm may help clinicians optimize timing of tracheal intubation, better allocate resources and staff, and improve patient care.

To assess airway and lung parenchymal damage non-invasively in cystic fibrosis (CF), chest MRI has been historically out of the scope of routine clinical imaging due to technical difficulties such as the low proton density and respiratory and cardiac motion. However, technological breakthroughs have recently emerged to dramatically improve lung MRI quality (including signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, speed, contrast). At the same time, novel treatments have changed the landscape of CF clinical care.

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with one-way endobronchial valves is a guideline treatment option for patients with advanced emphysema, supported by extensive scientific data. Patients limited by severe hyperinflation, with a suitable emphysema treatment target lobe and with absence of collateral ventilation are the responders to this treatment. Detailed patient selection, a professional treatment performance, and dedicated follow-up of the valve treatment, including management of complications, are key ingredients to success.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) may cause profound dyspnea, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. Available pharmacologic therapy provides suboptimal symptom improvement in many patients. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR), achieved with endobronchial valve (EBV) placement, can effectively improve dyspnea and functional status in appropriately selected patients. Operationalizing a safe and effective BLVR program requires appropriate oversight which can be achieved by a BLVR Nurse Coordinator (NC).

Empathy-based, stigma-reducing communication may lead to improved assessments of tobacco use and smoking cessation for patients with smoking-related cancers. These findings support the dissemination and further testing of a new ECS model for training OCPs in best practices for assessment of smoking history and engagement of patients who currently smoke in tobacco treatment delivery.

In clinical practice, reslizumab may have been initiated in response to heavy symptom burden and CAEs. Reslizumab was associated with improved clinical and patient-reported outcomes and significant reductions in asthma-related HRU.

Quantitative emphysema measured on LDCT of the chest can be leveraged to improve lung cancer risk prediction and help diagnose COPD in individuals who currently or formerly smoked undergoing lung cancer screening.

Anbenitamab is a new second-line option in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma

This Review outlines the fundamental role of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for children, adolescents and young adults (CAYAs) with relapsed and/or refractory B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, emphasizing the crucial need to further exploit CAR T cells and other immunotherapies to improve survival with broadened access across disease states. Opportunities and challenges for expanding CAR T cell therapy to other haematological and non-haematological malignancies in CAYAs are also discussed.

Increased understanding of the biology of smouldering multiple myeloma (SMM) is being leveraged to improve the management of this clinically heterogeneous precursor of MM. This Review describes the current diagnostic work-up, risk stratification and management of SMM, highlighting early intervention approaches for high-risk SMM that might provide the best opportunity to convert MM into a curative disease and discussing persistent challenges in this field.

Author Correction: Advances in the management of localized bladder cancers

Despite well-established roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) as tumour suppressors or oncogenes, miRNA-based diagnostics, prognostic tools and treatments have yet to be incorporated into routine oncology practice. In this Review, the authors discuss innovative approaches to address challenges in the clinical translation of miRNA-based diagnostics and treatments by integrating fundamental miRNA biology, multiomics and artificial intelligence-driven analyses.

Cancer screening aims to identify either pre-malignant conditions or earlier-stage disease in non-symptomatic individuals. The authors of this Review recapitulate the general principles of cancer screening, discussing the current screening practices for several cancer types as well as advances in cancer detection that might hold promise for screening an increasing number of cancers in the future.

Base-edited CAR7 T cells are safe and efficacious in R/R T-ALL

Treatment selection based on the presence of one or more specific biomarkers has the potential to optimize treatment outcomes; nonetheless, most patients lack a specific biomarker that is predictive of benefit from one or more targeted treatment approaches. In this Review, the authors describe the potential of computational analysis approaches to enable the discovery of more complex predictive biomarkers based on comprehensive analysis of large clinical and preclinical datasets and thus address this unmet need.

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Arrowhead heralded the results as proof of concept that inhibiting the Activin E pathway can improve body composition and enhance weight loss as compared to tirzepatide alone, particularly in patients with type 2 diabetes.

One way Takeda lives out its values is by striving to ensure that patients are aware of and can access the company’s clinical trials. Two employees from its research and development organization discuss why representation matters and the work their team is doing to benefit patients now and in the future.

The major depressive disorder failure for BHV-7000 is the drug’s second, after Biohaven’s spinocerebellar ataxia treatment troriluzole was rejected by the FDA in November 2025.

Insmed pointed to a strong placebo response as the reason for the trial’s failure.

In a first for the Parkinson’s field, AC Immune’s immunotherapy has stabilized key biomarkers that suggest an effect on the disease’s course.

Structure’s aleniglipron elicited over 11% weight loss in a Phase II trial, sending the biotech’s stock up nearly 103% as markets closed on Monday.

Dyne’s exon-skipping therapy zeleciment rostudirsen resulted in an approximately sevenfold increase in dystrophin levels at six months and elicited functional improvements that are the “best ever” for this treatment class, Stifel analysts said.

The pharmaceutical supply chain and device development have become intricately linked. Harmonizing formulation development with drug delivery device design—and leveraging a single‐vendor ecosystem—can deliver significant time, cost, and regulatory advantages for US‑focused drug products, according to industry experts.

Praxis Precision Medicines has also announced a “successful” pre-NDA meeting with the FDA for its essential tremor drug candidate ulixacaltamide, for which an approval application is slated for early 2026.

While Imvax’s autologous immunotherapy IGV-001 missed the primary endpoint of progression-free survival in a Phase IIb trial, the company will request a meeting with the FDA to discuss next steps for “synergistic” treatment.

Corcept’s overall survival data “look competitive” with AbbVie’s Elahere and Merck’s blockbuster Keytruda, Truist Securities said Thursday.

The mixed data from the Phase III COAST 2 trial follows an underwhelming data drop from COAST 1 in September that Leerink Partners said “fell well below expectations.”

The companies have an expansive clinical program for the mRNA neoantigen therapy intismeran autogene in combination with immuno-oncology heavyweight Keytruda.

Despite the late-stage miss, analysts maintained confidence in the Epkinly program, with Truist Securities saying the result “doesn’t waver our optimism” regarding the bispecific antibody’s ongoing frontline trial.

Following rusfertide’s triumphant Phase III trial last year, Protagonist must decide how involved to be in future development. Hundreds of millions of dollars are on the line.

The fierce rivalry between Novo Nordisk and Eli Lilly is alive and well, as the two companies are expected to face off with their new obesity pills this year.

One way Takeda lives out its values is by striving to ensure that patients are aware of and can access the company’s clinical trials. Two employees from its research and development organization discuss why representation matters and the work their team is doing to benefit patients now and in the future.

With a pair of Phase III trial flops, Ultragenyx will explore cost reductions as analysts turn attention to an upcoming Angelman syndrome readout.

Analysts said the outcome is disappointing because there are no approved treatments for dyskinetic cerebral palsy, but the setback had little impact on Neurocrine’s valuation.

Ceralasertib is part of AstraZeneca’s ambitious plan to hit $80 billion in revenue by 2030.

In this episode of Denatured, Jennifer C. Smith-Parker speaks with RTW’s Rod Wong and Stephanie Sirota how shifting JPM deal timing masks record M&A potential; why oncology, obesity, psychedelics, and neuroscience are attracting fresh capital; and how “alpha stacking” shapes their investment edge in an age of chronic uncertainty. They cover topics discussed in RTW’s new book, “Innovation is the Best Medicine.”

Corcept’s overall survival data “look competitive” with AbbVie’s Elahere and Merck’s blockbuster Keytruda, Truist Securities said Thursday.

The mixed data from the Phase III COAST 2 trial follows an underwhelming data drop from COAST 1 in September that Leerink Partners said “fell well below expectations.”

In this episode of Denatured, BioSpace editorial team members, Senior Editor, Annalee Armstrong, and News Editor, Dan Samorodnitsky, discuss their post-JPM takeaways and 2026 forecasts after speaking to a range of pharma and biotech executives and investors last week.

At some point in your research career, you may find yourself transitioning from academia to industry or vice versa. To best set yourself up for success, adapt your approach to the specific scientific culture where you work.

As drug candidates discovered via AI move into later-stage clinical trials, the technology seems to be doing as promised: speeding drug development.

The companies have an expansive clinical program for the mRNA neoantigen therapy intismeran autogene in combination with immuno-oncology heavyweight Keytruda.

Despite the late-stage miss, analysts maintained confidence in the Epkinly program, with Truist Securities saying the result “doesn’t waver our optimism” regarding the bispecific antibody’s ongoing frontline trial.

Following rusfertide’s triumphant Phase III trial last year, Protagonist must decide how involved to be in future development. Hundreds of millions of dollars are on the line.

An inconsistent boom-and-bust cycle funding environment for early-stage biotech innovations and burdensome regulation threaten the U.S.’s half-century-long dominance in the biotech sector.

On January 27, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration approved daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj (Darzalex Faspro, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) in combination with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) for adults with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT).

On December 17, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved amivantamab and hyaluronidase-lpuj (Rybrevant Faspro, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) for subcutaneous injection for adult patients across all indications approved for the intravenous formulation of amivantamab (Rybrevant, Janssen Biotech, Inc.). See the prescribing information for the specific indications.

On December 17, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved rucaparib (Rubraca, pharmaand GmbH) for adults with a deleterious BRCA mutation (BRCAm) (germline and/or somatic)-associated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with an androgen receptor-directed therapy. Patients should be selected for therapy using an FDA-approved companion diagnostic (CDx).

On December 15, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.) in combination with pertuzumab for the first-line treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or ISH+) breast cancer as determined by an FDA-approved test.

On December 12, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved niraparib and abiraterone acetate (Akeega, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) with prednisone for adults with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA2-mutated (BRCA2m) metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), as determined by an FDA-approved test.

On December 4, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved lisocabtagene maraleucel (Breyanzi, Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company) for adults with relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) who have received at least two prior lines of systemic therapy

On December 3, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted traditional approval to pirtobrutinib (Jaypirca, Eli Lilly and Company) for adults with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) who have previously been treated with a covalent BTK inhibitor. In 2023, FDA granted accelerated approval to pirtobrutinib for adults with CLL/SLL who have received at least two prior lines of therapy, including a BTK inhibitor and a BCL-2 inhibitor.

On November 25, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved durvalumab (Imfinzi, AstraZeneca) with fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) chemotherapy as neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment, followed by single agent durvalumab, for adults with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC).

On November 21, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck) or pembrolizumab and berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph (Keytruda Qlex, Merck) with enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (Padcev, Astellas Pharma) as neoadjuvant treatment followed by adjuvant treatment after cystectomy for adults with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who are ineligible for cisplatin.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted traditional approval to tarlatamab-dlle (Imdelltra, Amgen Inc.) for adults with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Tarlatamab-dlle received accelerated approval for this indication in 2024.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to sevabertinib (Hyrnuo, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.), a kinase inhibitor, for adults with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have HER2 (ERBB2) tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) activating mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and who have received a prior systemic therapy.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted traditional approval to daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj (Darzalex Faspro, Janssen Biotech Inc.) with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCd) for newly diagnosed light chain (AL) amyloidosis. FDA granted accelerated approval for this indication in 2021.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved selumetinib (KOSELUGO, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP) for adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN). FDA previously approved selumetinib capsules and granules for pediatric patients 1 year of age and older for this indication.

On November 18, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved epcoritamab-bysp (Epkinly, Genmab US, Inc.) with lenalidomide and rituximab for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL). The FDA also granted traditional approval to epcoritamab-bysp as monotherapy for relapsed or refractory FL after two or more lines of systemic therapy (epcoritamab-bysp was granted accelerated approval for this indication in 2024). 

On November 13, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved Poherdy (pertuzumab-dpzb, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co. Ltd.) as an interchangeable biosimilar to Perjeta (pertuzumab, Genentech Inc.). This is the first approval of a biosimilar for Perjeta.

On November 13, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved ziftomenib (Komzifti, Kura Oncology, Inc.), a menin inhibitor, for adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a susceptible nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options.

On November 6, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj (Darzalex Faspro, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) for adults with high-risk smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM).

On October 24, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved revumenib (Revuforj, Syndax Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a menin inhibitor, for relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia with a susceptible nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation in adult and pediatric patients 1 year and older who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options.

On October 23, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved belantamab mafodotin-blmf (Blenrep, GlaxoSmithKline), a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed antibody and microtubule inhibitor conjugate, with bortezomib and dexamethasone for adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior lines of therapy, including a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory agent.

On October 8, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved cemiplimab-rwlc (Libtayo, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals Inc.) for the adjuvant treatment of adults with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) at high risk of recurrence after surgery and radiation.

On October 2, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved lurbinectedin (Zepzelca, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) in combination with atezolizumab (Tecentriq, Genentech Inc.) or atezolizumab and hyaluronidase-tqjs (Tecentriq Hybreza, Genentech Inc.) for the maintenance treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) whose disease has not progressed after first-line induction therapy with atezolizumab or atezolizumab and hyaluronidase-tqjs, carboplatin, and etoposide.

On September 25, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved imlunestrant (Inluriyo, Eli Lilly and Company), an estrogen receptor antagonist, for adults with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-negative, estrogen receptor-1 (ESR1)-mutated advanced or metastatic breast cancer with disease progression following at least one line of endocrine therapy.

On September 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved pembrolizumab and berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph (Keytruda Qlex, Merck) for subcutaneous injection for adult and pediatric (12 years and older) solid tumor indications approved for the intravenous formulation of pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck). See the prescribing information for the specific indications.

On September 10, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved selumetinib (KOSELUGO, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP) granules and capsules for pediatric patients 1 year of age and older with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN). FDA previously approved selumetinib capsules for pediatric patients 2 years of age and older with NF1 who have symptomatic, inoperable PN.

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