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Among men with locally advanced prostate cancer, transdermal estradiol was noninferior to LHRH agonists for 3-year metastasis-free survival and led to a lower incidence of hot flashes but a higher incidence of gynecomastia.

In a placebo-controlled trial involving patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke or high-risk TIA, asundexian added to antiplatelet therapy led to a lower risk of ischemic stroke without increasing major bleeding.

In a phase 3 trial, ianalumab plus eltrombopag led to a longer time to treatment failure than placebo plus eltrombopag, with a stable platelet response at 6 months in a higher percentage of patients with 9 mg/kg of ianalumab than with placebo.

Combined oral contraceptives and hormone-replacement therapy increase the risk of venous thromboembolism, although the absolute risk is low. Transdermal estradiol and micronized progesterone carry lower risk.

Despite the implementation of efficacious interventions for secondary prevention, patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) remain at substantial residual risk for short- and long-term recurrent ischemic stroke and coronary events.1,2 Approximately three quarters of ischemic strokes or TIAs are noncardioembolic and may be attributable to...

The Trump administration’s wide-ranging actions to dismantle U.S. environmental regulations will cause long-lasting health harms, disproportionately affecting low-income and other vulnerable groups.

In a patient with metastatic cervical cancer treated with the nectin-4–targeted antibody–drug conjugate bulumtatug fuvedotin, a new hepatic lesion proved to be pseudoprogression and resolved with continued therapy.

In a phase 1 trial of first-line zongertinib for HER2-mutated non–small-cell lung cancer, an objective response occurred in 76% of patients, with a median progression-free survival of 14.4 months.

The discovery that many lung cancers are driven by a single dominant constitutively activated “driver” oncogene represented a quantum leap in the therapy of lung cancer. Potent small molecules were developed that could turn off these genes, with dramatic clinical therapeutic efficacy. Before their discovery, cancer therapeutics were identified by...

Post-thrombotic syndrome is the most common chronic complication of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), affecting 20 to 50% of patients with DVT and causing debilitating symptoms involving the limbs — including pain, swelling, skin changes, and venous ulcers — that substantially reduce quality of life and impose considerable socioeconomic burden.1 ...

Among adults with persistent or chronic ITP, the incidence of adverse events with mezagitamab appeared to be similar to that with placebo. Mezagitamab treatment appeared to result in increased platelet counts at all three doses tested.

In a phase 1 trial of setidegrasib, a KRAS G12D degrader, 42% of patients had adverse events of grade 3 or higher; 36% of patients with NSCLC and 24% of those with pancreatic cancer had a response.

A study in a mouse model of MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma implicates polyamine levels in affecting the makeup of the proteome and biologic characteristics of the tumor.

An 83-year-old woman with worsening type 2 diabetes presented with a 6-month history of painful rash. Hyperpigmented plaques with coalescing erosions and blisters were seen. Abdominal CT revealed a mass in the tail of the pancreas.

In this study, a Cas12a–guide RNA complex was used to target the promoters of HBG1 and HBG2 in autologous stem cells to treat sickle cell disease.

In cisplatin-ineligible patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, enfortumab vedotin–pembrolizumab plus surgery led to better event-free survival (74.7%, vs. 39.4%) and overall survival (79.7%, vs. 63.1%) than surgery alone at 2 years.

In this study, a Cas12a–guide RNA complex was used to target the promoters of HBG1 and HBG2 in autologous stem cells to treat transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia.

Transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia and sickle cell disease, both characterized by defective hemoglobin synthesis, are the most common monogenic diseases worldwide. Each year, approximately 60,000 infants are born with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia, and 500,000 infants receive a diagnosis of sickle cell disease.1,2 Historically, patients with these disorders have rarely survived beyond...

Although bladder preservation with trimodal therapy is a category 1 recommendation in the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for appropriately selected patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer, the real-world adoption of this type of therapy in the United States remains disappointingly low. Contemporary data suggest that only half the patients...

In this study involving persons with sickle cell disease, adenine base editing was used to target the promoters of HBG1 and HBG2 in autologous hematopoietic stem cells to increase fetal hemoglobin expression.

In early 2026, 62-year-old Gibraltar resident Paul Buxton had a successful robotic prostatectomy to treat his prostate cancer. His surgeon was 2400 km away in London, UK. In mid-2025, a surgeon in Florida, USA, performed the same surgery on a patient in Angola, Africa—the longest distance telesurgery recorded to date. Once the realm of science fiction, telesurgery is rapidly transforming surgical oncology, with the potential to bridge health equity gaps and overcome health-system barriers, facilitating access to high-quality surgical care in remote and underserved regions and relieving global workforce shortages.

For more than a decade, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have played a central part in the treatment landscape of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).1 These therapies have improved survival both as monotherapy and in combination with chemotherapy and altered expectations for patients with metastatic disease. Yet their benefit is not universal. A substantial proportion of patients (∼18%) derive little or no clinical improvement, and some experience rapid deterioration with primary resistance.

KRAS has long been regarded as an indomitable oncogenic driver which defines a distinct and therapeutically elusive class of solid tumours. The recent advent of direct KRAS inhibitors has fundamentally altered the drug development landscape of KRAS-mutated tumours, including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The first entrants in this class used a unique mechanism of action which inhibited KRASG12C by irreversibly binding to its inactive GDP-bound conformation at the switch-II binding pocket (KRASG12C[OFF] inhibitors).

Historically, perioperative cisplatin based neoadjuvant therapy has remained the gold standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In the past 5 years, several practice changing trials have enabled the incorporation of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the perioperative setting for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The phase 3 NIAGARA study led to the approval of durvalumab in combination with gemcitabine or cisplatin followed by adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.1 The CheckMate-274 and AMBASSADOR trials showed improved outcomes in patients treated with adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Since 1992, the surgical treatment for melanoma has substantially changed,1 and in clinically negative nodal basin, elective lymph node dissection has been overtaken by the sentinel node biopsy (SNB) followed by complete lymph node dissection in the case of positivity to SNB at the histopathological report. Many different studies have examined these methods, looking at specific subclinical features such as micro-metastases or macro-metastases,2 SNB tumour burden,3 number of SNBs, number of positive non-sentinel lymph nodes, and number of excised non-sentinel lymph nodes.

The study published by Bastiaan M Privé and colleagues in The Lancet Oncology represents, to our knowledge, the first randomised phase 2 trial evaluating lutetium-177–PSMA-617 (177Lu-PSMA-617) in patients with oligometastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC).1 By showing that 177Lu-PSMA-617 can significantly delay disease progression while maintaining a favourable safety profile, the BULLSEYE trial expands the therapeutic horizon of PSMA-targeted radioligand therapy beyond its established role in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) represent one of the most transformative advances in precision oncology over the past two decades and are increasingly positioned to replace conventional chemotherapy in several indications owing to their favourable balance between efficacy and tolerability. Trastuzumab deruxtecan exemplifies this paradigm shift, having achieved regulatory approvals across multiple HER2 (ERBB2)-expressing or HER2-mutated solid tumours, including breast, gastric, and non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs).

Expansion of genetic testing to the general population is one of the ambitions of the UK Government's 2025 10-year Health Plan for England, as part of a strategy for transition from “sickness to prevention”.1 Identification of individuals at increased cancer risk due to pathogenic variants in cancer susceptibility genes, leading to targeted screening and prioritisation of risk reduction strategies is one potential benefit of this approach. However, there are many outstanding questions about the impact on health-care services.

Kidney cancer is the sixth most common cancer in adults in the UK, with approximately 13 900 new cases every year.1 Kidney cancer incidence rates have almost doubled since the 1990s and are projected to rise further by 2040.2 5-year relative survival for kidney cancer in the UK is below the European average,3 and there is wide variation in provision of kidney cancer care in England and Wales.4 If found early, kidney cancer can be cured, but early diagnosis is challenging as most people (87%) in the UK with stage 1a disease are diagnosed incidentally, having no relevant symptoms.

We read with interest the Article by Giacomo Montagna and colleagues1 evaluating oncological outcomes in patients with residual nodal micrometastatic disease (ypN1mi) following neoadjuvant systemic therapy. Although the study contributes important data on axillary management, the recommendation favouring completion axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with triple-negative breast cancer warrants cautious interpretation given key limitations and conflicting evidence.

We read with great interest the Article by Giacomo Montagna and colleagues,1 which addresses a pivotal question in contemporary breast cancer care—if axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) can be safely omitted in patients with residual micrometastases (ypN1mi) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Their multinational cohort provides much-needed outcome data to inform surgical de-escalation strategies. However, the significantly higher axillary recurrence rate observed in patients with triple-negative breast cancer who did not undergo ALND (8·7% [95% CI 4·4–15·0] vs 2·4% [0·7–6·5]; p=0·018) warrants careful interpretation before this finding influences clinical practice.

We have read the Correspondence from Kefah Mokbel, Fady Sourial, and their colleagues with interest, thank them for their comments, and welcome the opportunity to clarify the points they raise. Among 1585 patients with residual nodal micrometastases (ypN1mi) following neoadjuvant chemotherapy, our study failed to show a short-term oncological benefit from axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), with the exception of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (284 [18%]). The rate of axillary recurrence among the 127 patients who had triple-negative breast cancer but did not undergo completion ALND was higher than it was among the 157 who did (8·7% [95% CI 4·4–15·0] vs 2·4% [0·7–6·5], p=0·018).

Lisa M Wintner and colleagues show that giving clinicians access to EORTC patient-reported outcome (PRO) data during assessment with Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) significantly increased inter-rater reliability for 13 of 17 symptomatic adverse events, with the largest gains in cognitive and psychological domains.1 This pragmatic multinational trial provides timely evidence for integrating PROs into safety assessment workflows.

We thank Jiale Chen and Xiaoyuan Xu for suggesting presentation of absolute risks of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 and above, and 3 and above, symptomatic adverse events and corresponding risk differences between study groups to illustrate the added value of PRO data for adverse event identification. For each adverse event, we calculated the proportion of patients with the highest grade 2 and 3 or above per group, using the higher of the two available ratings (worst toxicity reported).

Wintner LM, Sztankay M, Abdel-Razeq H, et al. Inter-rater reliability of CTCAE assessments with or without EORTC patient-reported outcome data in a mixed cancer population: a multinational, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2026; 27: 233–42—In this Article, the final sentence in the Findings of the Summary should have read “There was no significant difference for pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, and peripheral sensory neuropathy.” In the figure, the box noting exclusions from the intervention group should have read “28 had incomplete CTCAE assessments”.

Sharma DC. India introduces human papillomavirus vaccination. Lancet Oncol 2026; 27: 413—In this News, the in-text affiliations for Ravi Mehrotra and Soumya Swaminathan have been corrected. These corrections have been made to the online version as of March 30, 2026, and the printed version is correct.

On Feb 15 (commemorating the World Childhood Cancer Day), Jordan announced three linked initiatives: a National Cancer Control Strategy 2026–2030, six national paediatric cancer clinical guidelines, and its entry into the Global Platform for Access to Childhood Cancer Medicines. The event was jointly organised by the Ministry of Health and WHO under the patronage of Princess Ghida Talal of the King Hussein Cancer Foundation and King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC; Amman, Jordan). The event also included participation of civil society organisations supporting patients with cancer (among panellists), to foster meaningful engagement of patients in line with WHO guidance.

On Feb 26, 2026, WHO announced that South Sudan's leadership had signalled renewed political attention to cancer control after Vice President, Josephine Lagu Yanga, met with WHO officials in Juba to discuss strengthening prevention, screening, treatment, and palliative care. The talks came as the country begins to mobilise a more coordinated response to cancer.

On Feb 27, 2026, lawmakers in the UK voted to sign into law the Rare Cancers Bill. The bill was proposed by Scott Arthur, a Member of Parliament for the ruling Labour Party based in Scotland, and a medical doctor. The bill will help accelerate research innovation to improve treatments and survival for rare cancers, including brain tumours and pancreatic cancer. The new law will take effect just as the UK has launched two major plans—The National Cancer Plan for England, and The England Rare Diseases Action Plan 2026.

The Government of Canada and five partner organisations have committed more than CA$41 million to fund 19 cancer prevention research teams over 5 years. The announcement was made on Feb 26, 2026, at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre in Toronto by Marjorie Michel, Canada's Minister of Health. It is the single largest investment in cancer prevention research ever led by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).

On Feb 28, 2026, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled a national campaign to promote human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to prevent cervical cancer. During the 90-day drive, 11·5 million girls aged 14 years will be administered the vaccine for free at government-run health facilities across the country. “This is the largest free HPV vaccination campaign in history”, said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland). After the current campaign ends, the Indian health ministry will integrate the HPV vaccine into the Universal Immunisation Programme (UIP) and make it available at government health facilities during routine immunisation days, Health Minister Jagat Prakash Nadda (New Delhi, India) announced while addressing a virtual press conference, along with Ghebreyesus, on March 5.

Presenting on behalf of a large international team, Martin Heidinger (DBM Hebelstrasse, Basel, Switzerland), showed results from a preplanned analysis of the TAXIS/OPBC-03 phase 3 trial. Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is the standard of care for patients with node-positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy or upfront surgery. The use of tailored axillary surgery (TAS) to reduce axillary tumour burden to a degree where radiotherapy might be able to control the remaining extent of disease could reduce morbidity.

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) proposed changes to rollback safeguards against air emissions of ethylene oxide (EtO), a highly carcinogenic gas used to sterilise about half of all medical devices in the USA. Announced March 17, 2026, the proposed changes would, among other things, relax round-the-clock emissions monitoring requirements for about 90 commercial sterilisation facilities.

The Public Health Ministry in Thailand has planned to draft the country's first National Cancer Act, as new cancer cases and deaths from cancer remain high in the country.

Disruptions to pharmaceutical transport routes linked to the escalating conflict in the Middle East are raising alarms about the fragility of cancer medicine supply chains in low-income and middle-income countries, particularly across Africa. Routes commonly used to carry temperature-sensitive medicines—including chemotherapy drugs and other oncology supplies—have been affected as airlines and shippers avoid conflict zones, increasing costs and delaying deliveries. For patients already navigating fragile health systems, even short interruptions can have serious consequences.

Improved risk stratification in prostate testing could ensure effective resource allocation, according to results from the OPT Stockholm3 study. In the population-based study, Ugo Falagario and colleagues (University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy) assessed whether reflex testing with Stockholm3 after PSA testing could reduce the proportion of men referred for MRI versus a PSA-only pathway. The OPT Stockholm3 pathway invited all men in the Region Stockholm Gotland in 2024 (born in 1974; Stockholm3 testing if PSA ≥2 ng/mL and if Stockholm3 ≥15 MRI) and 2023 (born in 1973; MRI if PSA ≥3 ng/mL).

As we venture further into space and increasingly use low Earth orbit for in-space manufacturing, the potential for the development of innovative technologies appears to be infinite. For these discoveries, led by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), international space agencies, and commercial companies, the International Space Station (ISS) provides a transformative research platform 250 miles above us in low Earth orbit. Although it might not be immediately obvious how research done hundreds of miles above our planet could be used to improve life terrestrially, studies in low Earth orbit have revealed accelerated stem-cell ageing; immune dysfunction; and genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic instability that set the stage for cancer initiation and progression.

Benmelstobart plus anlotinib showed longer progression-free survival than pembrolizumab plus placebo and no unexpected safety signals were reported, suggesting benmelstobart plus anlotinib as a potential first-line option in driver gene-negative, PD-L1-positive, advanced NSCLC. Longer term follow-up is needed to establish effects on overall survival.

In treatment-naive KRASG12C-mutated NSCLC, fulzerasib plus cetuximab showed encouraging activity with a favourable safety profile. The combination is currently being planned for investigation in a phase 3 study.

Perioperative sacituzumab govitecan plus pembrolizumab revealed a promising clinical complete response rate, without the occurrence of grade 4 or higher adverse events, allowing a bladder preservation with sustained remission in approximately 40% of patients.

This meta-analysis showed that people with melanoma who underwent SNB had a significantly reduced risk of death from melanoma and recurrence compared with those who did not. These findings are consistent with the only published randomised controlled trial and were robust on sensitivity analyses, indicating that SNB confers true survival and recurrence benefits.

177Lu-PSMA-617 showed promising response rates and delayed disease progression in patients with oligometastatic HSPC in this trial. In addition, most treatment-related adverse events were low grade.

Multicycle [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 and pembrolizumab showed encouraging activity with manageable toxicity that was consistent with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 or pembrolizumab, and the combination might provide durable clinical benefit in a subset of patients.

We present new risk nomograms by PROMISE along with a simple table to prognosticate 3-year, 5-year, and 7-year overall survival in prostate cancer. PROMISE and PPP3 assessments are freely available online for global implementation.

The maximum tolerated dose was not reached with ifinatamab deruxtecan; however, one death due to treatment-related interstitial lung disease highlights the importance of prompt evaluation and careful management of patients who develop interstitial lung disease. Promising antitumour activity was observed across various solid tumours. These findings support further evaluation of ifinatamab deruxtecan in randomised controlled trials.

Understanding the frequency and nature of variants in cancer predisposition genes is important for planning of clinical services. Our analysis highlights the implications of more expansive genetic testing and the variant interpretation considerations necessary to yield benefit and avoid harm (eg, unnecessary surveillance) for patients.

These findings show that AI applied to routine histopathology can serve as a practical and scalable tool for guiding chemotherapy decisions in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, early breast cancer. This approach has the potential to reduce unnecessary chemotherapy and broaden access to precision oncology, particularly in resource-limited settings where genomic testing remains unavailable or unaffordable.

Complete macroscopic resection is the key objective of cytoreductive surgery for peritoneal malignancy. However, heterogeneity in terminology and operative technique persists across centres and between surgical and gynaecological disciplines. This study sought to establish international consensus on the nomenclature of cytoreductive surgery procedures, key technical principles of peritonectomy procedures and visceral resections, and management of regional lymph nodes in the context of peritoneal malignancy.

Vaccine-preventable infections remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. The updated guideline for anti-infective vaccination strategies in patients with cancer of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology Infectious Diseases Working Group was developed by a guideline panel of experts in internal medicine, haematology, medical oncology, and infectious diseases. For previously covered vaccinations, we included all publications in patients with cancer starting from 2017, as this was the data cutoff for the previous guideline, and for newly included vaccines all publications were reviewed.

Persistent inequities in cancer outcomes remain a defining challenge for global health systems, including in high-income countries. Despite advances across prevention, early detection, treatment, and survivorship, disparities persist, reflecting entrenched social and structural inequities. While equity is increasingly articulated within national and global cancer agendas, comparative analysis of how equity is conceptualised and operationalised in national cancer control planning remains limited.

Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) are increasingly recognised for their role in assessing tolerability in dose-finding oncology trials (DFOTs). However, analysis and reporting of PRO data within DFOTs are often unclear and inconsistent. OPTIMISE-AR (Incorporating Patient-Reported Outcomes in Dose-Finding Trials–Analysis Recommendations) establishes a practical toolkit supporting the statistical analysis, visualisation, and reporting of PRO data within DFOT publications. International, multidisciplinary, cross-sector statistical analysis and data visualisation working groups identified analytical and visualisation approaches for PROs data, addressing key DFOT PRO research objectives.

A 51-year-old man with advanced pancreatic cancer presented to General Hospital of Southern Theater Command (Guangzhou, China) in December, 2025, with a 3-week history of rapidly spreading, painful subcutaneous nodules (figure A), and bilateral knee pain. He was on maintenance oral tegafur after initial response to FOLFIRINOX. His knee pain, initially managed as gout given his history, was unresponsive to treatment. Skin biopsy revealed lobular panniculitis with neutrophilic infiltration and anucleate necrotic adipocytes (ghost cells), consistent with pyogenic panniculitis (figure B).

Up to three-quarters of people with haemophilia worldwide are estimated to be undiagnosed, with an even bigger gap predicted for other bleeding disorders. This astonishing statistic underlies the focus of this year's World Haemophilia Day, on April 17, on diagnosis: a first step to care. Even when people are diagnosed, there are substantial inequalities in access to treatment and bleeding prophylaxis in many parts of the world. 2026 could mark a crucial year for turning the tide on these issues, with the recent approval of a World Health Assembly (WHA) resolution on Global Action to Advance Health Equity for People with Hemophilia and Other Bleeding Disorders, which will be presented at the 79th WHA on May 18–23, 2026, for final adoption.

In 2024, WHO updated haemoglobin thresholds and revised the adjustments for altitude and smoking.1 The earlier elevation adjustments were established in 1989 and were based on a demographically limited subset of populations and did not adequately represent the diversity of global populations. The 2024 updated elevation adjustment was based on the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia (BRINDA) project, which leverages multinational surveys with broader geographical and demographic representation than previous methods.

In The Lancet Haematology, Dominik Dytfeld and colleagues1 report the findings from the phase 3 ATLAS trial, comparing carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone with lenalidomide alone as maintenance therapy after autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. Lenalidomide monotherapy has long been the global standard of care in this setting, based on consistent improvements in progression-free survival and overall survival.2 With a median follow-up of nearly 6 years, carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone maintenance significantly improved 4-year progression-free survival (67·5% [95% CI 56·2–76·4] vs 38·0% [27·6–48·2]; hazard ratio 0·46 [95% CI 0·30–0·70]) with a manageable safety profile.

The RESMAIN trial by Rudolf Stadler and colleagues, published in The Lancet Haematology, showed that resminostat maintenance therapy significantly prolonged median progression-free survival (median 8·3 months, 95% CI 4·2–15·7) compared with placebo (4·2 months, 2·8–6·4) in patients with advanced-stage mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome.1 These diseases are characterised by repeated cycles of remission and relapse. Therefore, progression-free survival does not carry the same clinical implications as in acute leukaemia or solid tumours, in which relapse is often associated with worse survival.

I would like to thank Takashi Miyachi and colleagues for their Correspondence regarding the RESMAIN trial. The most prevalent forms of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma are mycosis fungoides and its variants, as well as Sézary syndrome. According to the current guidelines, in the early stages of the disease, the recommended therapeutic approach is based on skin-directed therapies. In more advanced stages of the disease, the recommended treatment involves primarily non-toxic systemic drugs, such as pegylated interferon, bexarotene, and combinations with radiotherapy or extracorporeal photopheresis.

Olíva EN, Cottone F, Unni S, et al. Patient-reported outcomes in newly diagnosed patients with FLT3-internal-tandem-duplication-positive acute myeloid leukaemia receiving standard chemotherapy plus quizartinib or placebo (QuANTUM-First): a global, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol 2026; 13: e169–80—In figure 2 of this Article, the two groups were incorrectly labelled “Q+stdCT” and “Q+stdCT” instead of “Q+stdCT” and “P+stdCT”. This correction has been made as of April 2, 2026.

Perrot A, Frenzel L. Maintenance intensification after autologous HSCT: refining selection. Lancet Haematol 2026; published online March 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-3026(26)00064-5—In this Comment, the title should have been Maintenance intensification after autologous HSCT: refining selection. This correction has been made as of March 19, 2026.

Dytfeld D, Wróbel T, Jamroziak K, et al. Carfilzomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone compared with lenalidomide treatment after autologous haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma (ATLAS): primary analysis of a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol 2026; 13: e241–53—Anna Puła's affiliations should have been “Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland” and “University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA”. Agnieszka Druzd-Sitek's and Prof Jan Walewski's affiliation should have been “Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, ERN EuroBloodNet, Warsaw”.

WHO has adopted a resolution to advance health equity for people with haemophilia and other bleeding disorders. Led by Armenia and co-sponsored by 12 countries across Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas, the resolution was approved by the WHO Executive Board (EB158) meeting on Feb 3, 2026, and aims to improve access to care and treatment worldwide. Armen Melkonyan, Head of International Relations at the Ministry of Health in Armenia, presented the resolution, which seeks to establish an international framework to improve care and treatment for people with haemophilia and other bleeding disorders.

Jayastu Senapati and Naval G Daver

I write on a day of unexpected personal and professional convergence. This past week, I spent long days in strategic discussions on enabling cell and gene therapy programmes—expanding access to advanced therapeutics and building infrastructure so that patients in our region might benefit from innovation at home rather than waiting for it to become available elsewhere. The work was forward-looking and ambitious. Yet I awoke today to news and sounds of interception explosions that, for the first time, felt unexpectedly and uncomfortably close to my new home, the United Arab Emirates.

Deucrictibant significantly reduced the severity of hereditary angioedema attacks compared with placebo; these results support continued investigation of antagonism of the bradykinin B2 receptor with an orally available agent as a potentially effective approach, with a safety profile similar to placebo, for on-demand treatment.

To the best of our knowledge, this trial provides the first clinical evidence and proof-of-concept for bradykinin B2 receptor antagonism as a therapeutic approach for the prevention of hereditary angioedema attacks and supports further investigation of oral deucrictibant for bradykinin-mediated angioedema.

Understanding the effect of anaemia requires unbiased and comparable estimates of anaemia burden. To our knowledge, we produced the first set of global estimates of anaemia burden by location, year, age, and sex using the WHO 2024 elevation adjustment method and compared them with estimates using the previous method. Policy makers should consider this modification when designing interventions to manage and prevent anaemia, particularly in regions most affected by changes in elevation adjustment.

The enhanced efficacy of carfilzomib–lenalidomide–dexamethasone treatment following autologous HSCT in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, assessed within a framework of de-escalation based on MRD status and individual risk, supports strategies for maintenance therapy intensification in this setting.

Haemophilia care has progressed through successive therapeutic revolutions, from plasma-derived and recombinant factor replacement to extended half-life products and non-factor therapies. The introduction of gene therapy, with currently approved approaches using adeno-associated viral vectors to deliver functional copies of the factor VIII or IX gene into hepatocytes, now represents the next paradigm shift: a one-time, irreversible intervention designed to restore endogenous factor production. Although early results are promising, the experience of transfusion transmitted infections reminds the haemophilia community that innovation must be matched by vigilance, transparency, and accountability.

Rebalancing agents represent a novel therapeutic class in haemophilia, designed to restore the deficient thrombin generation that underlies bleeding. Unlike factor replacement or factor VIII mimetic therapies, rebalancing agents act by downregulating natural anticoagulants. By partially inhibiting these physiological brakes of coagulation, they induce a controlled and reversible procoagulant shift. These agents have shown clinically meaningful reductions in bleeding rates across both haemophilia A and B, including in patients with inhibitors.

In this Perspective, Stevenson and Stamatopoulos describe what is special about B cells that express the immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene 4-34 (IGHV4-34). These normally account for approximately 5% of B cells and are involved in both innate and adaptive immunity. The authors highlight how these cells can be tracked by a specific monoclonal antibody, allowing a window into their normal function and their pathological role in autoimmunity, cold agglutinin disease, and subtypes of chronic lymphocytic leukemia and B-cell lymphomas.

Given the increased risk of breakthrough thrombosis in patients with cancer receiving direct oral anticoagulants, optimal management is critical to prevent further recurrent events. In this How I Treat article, Marx and Carrier address this common problem through a discussion of 3 cases that collectively illustrate the challenges hematologists and their patients face. The authors provide practical advice on when to image and the choice of anticoagulant, including when to use low molecular weight heparins, and emphasize the need to consider multiple factors that may be present in an individual patient.

Somatic Tet2 mutations in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells are a common cause of clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP). Lee and colleagues used spatial intravital imaging and single-cell transcriptomic profiling to dissect how the bone marrow (BM) niche is remodeled in a Tet2-mutant murine model of CHIP. The authors show that distinct macrophage activation states segregate individual BM cavities into “hot” and “cold” niches that determine whether Tet2-mutant clones expand or remain dormant, helping to explain, at least in part, the heterogenous natural history of Tet2-mutant CHIP in patients.

Developing chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for T-cell neoplasms is particularly challenging. Using primary patient samples in vitro and in vivo and murine models, Carturan et al establish CD2 as a promising target, widely expressed by T-cell malignancies. The authors generated a CD2-targeting CAR construct, including knockout of CD2, to prevent fratricide of CAR T cells and a novel programmed cell death protein 1:CD2 switch receptor to restore the CD2-CD58 signaling axis critical for T-cell activity. Their findings support the clinical development of CD2-based strategies to enhance adoptive T-cell therapies.

Measurable residual disease (MRD) is currently a key prognostic marker in multiple myeloma, now favored by regulatory agencies as an early trial end point to support conditional approval. But is MRD equally predictive across genetic subtypes of myeloma? In a pooled analysis across trials utilizing modern therapies, Bal et al report favorable outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma harboring the t(11;14) translocation, despite lower rates and delayed achievement of undetectable MRD. This work is an elegant illustration of the emerging recognition that it is essential to consider tumor genetics when interpreting MRD results in patients with myeloma.

The disease course of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in children is variable, with the majority experiencing spontaneous remissions, while approximately 30% experience chronic problems. Prognostication at diagnosis is difficult. In this month’s CME article, Hillier and colleagues describe and validate a statistical model that predicts the development of chronic ITP at the time of initial disease presentation. Based on routinely measured parameters and available as an online tool, this model is now ready for prospective study in clinical practice.

A common rs1886430 polymorphism in the first intron of the G-protein–coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) gene is associated with cardiovascular disease, hyperreactive platelets, and thrombosis, when homozygous. Yarman et al demonstrate in patient cells and in both in vitro and in vivo genetic models that this leads to decreased GRK5 protein expression, resulting in prolonged protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) signaling and heightened platelet activation and thrombosis in vivo. PAR1 inhibition with vorapaxar reverses the phenotype. These new mechanistic insights may provide a strategy for using personalized genetics to guide treatment options in the future.

Tonsillar cancers carried the highest DALY burden among HPV‐associated OPCs in US men. Patients who were aged 65 years and older and were never vaccine‐eligible presented significant DALY increases across all cancer subsites, emphasizing the need for gender‐neutral HPV vaccination and catch‐up programs for high‐risk older men.

FIGO stage IVA cervical cancer, defined by bladder or rectal mucosal invasion without distant spread, is uncommon and understudied. This first meta-analysis exclusively on stage IVA cervical cancer aimed to synthesize survival and morbidity outcomes and identified prognostic factors influencing disease control and fistula formation.

Definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (dCCRT) is considered the standard treatment for locally advanced unresectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). However, approximately half of patients still experience local recurrence or distant metastasis. The CheckMate 577 trial demonstrated that adjuvant nivolumab significantly improves disease-free survival in patients with resected esophageal or gastroesophageal junction cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. However, the role of consolidation immunotherapy in locally advanced unresectable esophageal cancer remains unclear.

Radiation-induced lymphopenia (RIL) is a frequent side effect of conventional radiation therapy (CONV RT), due to the high radiosensitivity of circulating lymphocytes. Ultra-high dose rate “FLASH” RT may preferentially spare normal tissue while maintaining tumor control. This study evaluates the impact of single-fraction and multi-fraction thoracic FLASH RT on lymphocyte preservation, apoptosis, and immunosuppressive signaling in mice.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy—including maximal safe resection, radiation therapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy—median survival remains approximately 16 months, and nearly all tumors recur. Over the past two decades, numerous therapies that demonstrated promise in preclinical studies have failed to improve outcomes in randomized clinical trials, underscoring therapeutic resistance that defines this disease.

Low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) is a minimally invasive treatment option for pain management in selected patients with osteoarthritis (OA). However, standardized and internationally accepted target volume definitions are still lacking.

Lung cancer has exhibited a sustained increase in both incidence and mortality rates in recent years. This study aims to develop and apply a simplified mathematical model for estimating tumor dose in Boron Neutron Capture Therapy (BNCT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in order to facilitate clinical treatment planning.

Craniospinal irradiation (CSI) is a standard treatment for pediatric brain tumors and is increasingly used for leptomeningeal metastases. While effective, CSI often causes radiation-induced severe lymphopenia (RISL), which is associated with poor outcomes across various cancer types. We developed and validated a novel platform for personalized dosimetry of circulating blood cells (CBC) and assessed its predictive value for RISL.

To assess feasibility, early outcomes, and toxicity of single-implant IGABT for LACC in a multicenter French cohort; a pragmatic strategy to address limited and uneven access to uterovaginal IGABT while preserving disease control and treatment safety.

Post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) may cause adverse events in the reconstruction setting. Proton-based PMRT is increasingly utilized and has been shown to improve cardiac and pulmonary dosimetry. Data reporting the risk of capsular contracture (CC) with proton compared to photon PMRT remain scarce. We compared the CC rate of the largest cohort of pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton PMRT reconstructed patients reported to date with an intensity modulated (IMRT) photon cohort hypothesizing that the proton cohort would have a higher rate of CC.

FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) can achieve tumor control comparable to conventional dose-rate irradiation (CONV-RT) while reducing radiation damage to normal tissues. However, the physical conditions triggering the FLASH sparing effect remain unclear, and mechanisms related to oxidative stress and redox regulation are poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the physical parameters and redox-related molecular mechanisms responsible for the FLASH effect.

We conducted a Phase II clinical trial reducing both dose and volume of adjuvant radiation in patients with HPV-associated OPSCC. We also examined whether postoperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was prognostic for outcomes.

Bone oligometastases are increasingly recognized as a clinical entity that may benefit from local therapies. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) enables the delivery of high-dose, precise irradiation and has shown promising results in improving local control (LC) and survival. However, prognostic factors influencing LC after SBRT in patients with bone oligometastases treated with curative, metastasis-directed intent remain unclear.

Palliative radiotherapy (RT) is widely used for symptom control across diverse clinical settings. In routine practice, however, post-treatment evaluation may not be consistently documented. We examined real-world patterns of response documentation after palliative RT and identified episodes that were clinically evaluable but not formally evaluated.

To introduce a novel cognition-sparing stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) planning framework that limits dose to the cognitive connectome [10 bilateral white matter tracts (WMTs), the corpus callosum, and the hippocampi (HC)] and to demonstrate its capability to preferentially spare the cognitive domains of memory, language, executive function, attention, and fine motor control.

The inconsistent delineation style of clinical target volume (CTV) in postoperative pelvic radiotherapy of endometrial carcinoma across different centers is challenging for deep learning-based segmentation due to different definitions of internal target areas. This study aims to develop an effective method to address multi-institutional variations in CTV delineation, even under the constraints of scarce data availability.

Substructure-level heart dosimetry may improve the evaluation of long-term cardiac toxicity in childhood cancer survivors, but detailed pediatric heart models are limited. We developed age-specific heart models (1, 5, 10, and 15 years) using high-resolution imaging and integrated them into computational phantoms to estimate cardiac substructure doses in patients treated on the National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) protocols and evaluate the impact of anatomical detail on radiotherapy dose estimates.

Assessment of machine-learning models tested on Swedish registry data enabled more accurate melanoma diagnosis prediction, with added health-care code, age, sex, and medication information for improved performance, according to the results of a study published in Acta Dermato-Venereologica. 

Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) tool that can identify small groups of cells most responsible for driving aggressive cancers. The tool, called SIDISH, offers scientists a clearer path to designing targeted therapies by showing which cells inside a tumor are most strongly...

A large prospective evaluation of off-label targeted cancer therapies has shown that more patients could potentially benefit from existing drugs. After including over 1,600 patients in the Dutch multicenter Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP) trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02925234), the...

In a Chinese cohort study (OCEANUS) reported in JAMA Oncology, Zhou et al found that sequential radiotherapy (RT) and immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy was associated with better overall survival vs concurrent RT and ICI therapy in patients with advanced newly diagnosed or refractory...

In a phase III trial (RECITE) reported in The New England Journal of Medicine, Al-Samkari et al found that the thrombopoietin receptor agonist romiplostim was effective in treating chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) among patients receiving oxaliplatin-based multiagent cytotoxic...

About one in six survivors of an adolescent and young adult cancer will develop a subsequent primary neoplasm within 30 years of their original diagnosis, according to the results of a population-based study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. 

A population of patients with highly refractory follicular lymphoma achieved longstanding responses, with few significant adverse events, from odronextamab monotherapy, according to findings of the ELM-2 study. The study outcomes were published by Tessoulin et al in Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & ...

I am writing this from the hospital waiting room. My father is undergoing an 11-hour surgery to remove his parotid gland and a squamous cell carcinoma that has metastasized from his cheek and invaded his facial nerve. 

In an Australian phase IB to II study (PRINCE) reported in The Lancet Oncology, Sandhu et al found that the combination of lutetium-177–labeled PSMA-617 (LuPSMA-617) and pembrolizumab showed “encouraging” activity in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC).  

The American Society of Hematology (ASH) and the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) have released a set of comprehensive clinical practice guidelines for the use of anticoagulant prophylaxis in pediatric patients at risk of venous thromboembolism. The guidelines were...

Occupational exposure to asbestos-free talc did not increase the risk for lung, mesothelioma, or laryngeal cancers, according to the results of a systemic review and meta-analysis published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology. 

As reported in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, Lanino et al have developed a new model (international chronic myelomonocytic leukemia [CMML] prognostic scoring system [iCPSS]) for characterizing CMML by combining molecular information with clinical information.

Large language models performed better than physicians at producing accurate and comprehensive oncology pathology report summaries, according to the results of a study published in JCO Clinical Cancer Informatics. 

A PSMA-11 PET/CT scan with gallium Ga-68 led to the identification of more aggressive prostate cancer cells in men with equivocal or nonsuspicious findings on multiparametric MRI than a standard biopsy, according to first results from the phase III PRIMARY2 trial presented at the 2026 Annual...

Surgical treatment was found to be safe and demonstrate long-term quality-of-life benefits for carefully selected octogenarians with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to findings from a prospective cohort study published in The Lancet Regional Health: Americas. 

Prompting strategies on two large language models improved how the artificial intelligence (AI) interpreted pain and fatigue reported by survivors of childhood cancers for better symptom monitoring and care, according to findings published in Communications Medicine. 

The National Comprehensive Cancer Network^® (NCCN^®) has announced the selection of Nancy L. Lewis, MD, MBS, FACP, as its new Chief Scientific Officer (CSO).

As reported in The Lancet, Allemani et al identified findings in the CONCORD-4 study indicating the degree of progress towards the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) target of 60% 5-year survival for all childhood cancers combined by the year 2030.

A new study published by Jaoude et al in Clinical Cancer Research demonstrates that a specialized high-dose type of radiation delivery may significantly improve outcomes for patients with large bile duct tumors in the liver, known as intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. 

Many people with lung cancer can be treated with a highly precise, high dose of radiation given in just one session without compromising the effectiveness of the treatment. The treatment strategy, outlined in a new publication authored by Singh et al in the International Journal of Radiation...

A U.S. population-based study across demographic groups and cancer types found that ever-married adults consistently had a lower cancer risk compared with never-married individuals. Published in Cancer Research Communications, these findings suggest that marital status may serve as a valuable...

The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) will present the 2026 AACR Award for Lifetime Achievement in Cancer Research to James P. Allison, PhD, Fellow of the AACR Academy, during the AACR Annual Meeting 2026, to be held April 17-22 in San Diego.

Electroacupuncture may alleviate some persistent neuropsychiatric symptoms experienced by breast cancer survivors, including psychological distress and cognitive impairment, according to the results of a randomized, double-blinded pilot trial published in the Journal of the National Cancer...

Results from the OASIS 4 clinical trial showed that elinzanetant, a neurokinin-targeted therapy, relieved hot flashes and night sweats that can occur because of menopause or hormone treatment for breast cancer. These findings were published in June 2025 in The New England Journal of Medicine.

For years, the question of pregnancy after, or during treatment for, hormone receptor–positive breast cancer placed patients and their oncologists in an uncomfortable position. Endocrine therapy, prescribed for 5 years and increasingly for 10 years or longer in high-risk patients, is both a...

In a UK retrospective cohort study reported in The Lancet Oncology, Whitworth et al analyzed the frequency of germline genetic variants in patients with cancer in the 100,000 Genomes Project.

Right ventricle (RV) dysfunction is associated with poorer outcomes in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Females are more likely to have HFpEF but males have worse prognosis and resting RV function. The contribution of dynamic RV-pulmonary artery (RV-PA) coupling between sex and its impact on peak exercise capacity (VO2) in HFpEF is not known.

A Phase I, single-center investigation demonstrated that 8 weeks of antimycobacterial therapy improved sarcoidosis forced vital capacity (FVC). Safety and efficacy assessments have not been performed in a multicenter cohort.

All aspects of medical education were affected by the Novel Coronavirus Infectious Disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic. Several challenges were experienced by trainees and programs alike due to the economic repercussions of the pandemic, how social distancing affected the delivery of medical education, testing and interviewing, how the surge of patients affected redeployment of personnel, potential compromise in core training and the overall impact on the wellness and mental health of trainees and educators.

In this meta-analysis of observational studies, RV dysfunction was associated with higher short-term and long-term mortality in sepsis and septic shock.

Legionella is an uncommon cause of CAP, occurring primarily from late spring through early autumn. Testing is uncommon, even among patients with risk factors, and many positive patients failed to receive empiric coverage for LP.

The nS classification could be used to provide a more accurate prognosis in patients with resected NSCLC. The nS is worth taking into consideration when defining nodal category in the forthcoming ninth edition of the staging system.

NLP successfully identified a large cohort with CC. Most patients were identified through NLP alone, rather than diagnoses or medications. NLP improved detection of patients nearly seven-fold, addressing the gap in ability to identify and characterize CC disease burden. Nearly all cases appeared to be managed in primary care. Identifying these patients is important for characterizing treatment and unmet needs.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare disease and much of our understanding stems from single-center studies, which are limited by sample size and generalizability. Administrative data offer an appealing opportunity to inform clinical, research, and quality improvement efforts for PAH. Yet, there is currently no standardized, validated method to distinguish PAH from other subgroups of pulmonary hypertension (PH) within this data source.

A transparent DL algorithm improves on traditional clinical criteria to predict the need for MV in hospitalized patients, including in those with COVID-19. Such an algorithm may help clinicians optimize timing of tracheal intubation, better allocate resources and staff, and improve patient care.

To assess airway and lung parenchymal damage non-invasively in cystic fibrosis (CF), chest MRI has been historically out of the scope of routine clinical imaging due to technical difficulties such as the low proton density and respiratory and cardiac motion. However, technological breakthroughs have recently emerged to dramatically improve lung MRI quality (including signal-to-noise ratio, resolution, speed, contrast). At the same time, novel treatments have changed the landscape of CF clinical care.

Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction with one-way endobronchial valves is a guideline treatment option for patients with advanced emphysema, supported by extensive scientific data. Patients limited by severe hyperinflation, with a suitable emphysema treatment target lobe and with absence of collateral ventilation are the responders to this treatment. Detailed patient selection, a professional treatment performance, and dedicated follow-up of the valve treatment, including management of complications, are key ingredients to success.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) may cause profound dyspnea, functional impairment, and reduced quality of life. Available pharmacologic therapy provides suboptimal symptom improvement in many patients. Bronchoscopic lung volume reduction (BLVR), achieved with endobronchial valve (EBV) placement, can effectively improve dyspnea and functional status in appropriately selected patients. Operationalizing a safe and effective BLVR program requires appropriate oversight which can be achieved by a BLVR Nurse Coordinator (NC).

Empathy-based, stigma-reducing communication may lead to improved assessments of tobacco use and smoking cessation for patients with smoking-related cancers. These findings support the dissemination and further testing of a new ECS model for training OCPs in best practices for assessment of smoking history and engagement of patients who currently smoke in tobacco treatment delivery.

In clinical practice, reslizumab may have been initiated in response to heavy symptom burden and CAEs. Reslizumab was associated with improved clinical and patient-reported outcomes and significant reductions in asthma-related HRU.

Quantitative emphysema measured on LDCT of the chest can be leveraged to improve lung cancer risk prediction and help diagnose COPD in individuals who currently or formerly smoked undergoing lung cancer screening.

The ATOMIC trial has been widely celebrated as providing a positive result. However, when viewed with a lens of critical appraisal that considers issues related to overtreatment, treatment de-escalation, surrogacy, post-trial access to treatment and contributions of component, we argue that ATOMIC should not change clinical practice but rather form the basis for future trials that test de-escalation strategies.

Two recent phase II trials, INDIBLADE and SURE-02, challenge the long-standing paradigm of mandatory radical local therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). As increasingly potent systemic induction treatment strategies emerge, a key question arises: can induction therapy response guide omission of radical surgery and radiotherapy to enable preservation of an intact, functioning bladder in selected patients?

The burden of cancer therapy on patients’ time is often overlooked. Building on the ‘time toxicity’ literature, we introduce the concept of time budgeting, viewing patients’ time as a limited, measurable resource that can be managed through treatment selection, pathway design and trial protocols. We discuss the rationale, measurement challenges and implementation requirements to operationalize time budgeting in cancer care.

OS benefit with first-line datopotamab deruxtecan in advanced-stage TNBC

Rare lymphoproliferative and lymphomatous disorders occurring after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy are garnering increased attention but remain incompletely characterized, complicating early recognition and management. This Review describes the spectrum of post-CAR T cell therapy lymphoproliferations reported so far, highlighting recurrent pathological and molecular features as well as factors implicated in promoting clonal expansion and/or malignant transformation, which might provide a framework to improve the diagnosis and management of these disorders.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignancies that can lead to ineffective haematopoiesis, cytopenias and, potentially, progression to acute myeloid leukaemia. In this Review, the authors describe the epidemiology of MDS, which appears to be rising, as well as advances in diagnosis, risk stratification and clinical management.

Patients with meningioma, the most common type of intracranial primary tumour, have been traditionally managed with surgery and radiotherapy, although advances over the past decade have brought about promising novel treatment options. In addition, new molecularly driven classification tools can improve prognostic accuracy and guide personalized management decisions. The authors of this Review provide an integrated roadmap for meningioma care as well as a framework for ongoing and future research in this field.

Three recently published studies demonstrate the feasibility of modulating gut microorganisms using faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients receiving immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting, expanding the evidence that FMT can augment response to ICIs. Herein, we discuss several opportunities for refining these efforts in order to increase the rigour and clinical benefit from microbiota modulation trials in oncology.

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With programs from Eisai and Hansoh Pharmaceutical in hand, Tortugas Neuroscience has emerged with hopes of delivering daily oral treatments to patients with central nervous system conditions.

An investigational cocktail was tied to a 0% overall response rate in patients with gastroesophageal cancer, but developers Agenus and MiNK Therapeutics aren’t giving up on the program just yet.

While Merck’s PD-1/VEGF asset appears to match the performance of Summit Therapeutics’ ivonescimab, the pharma’s Phase 1/2 readout in non-small cell lung cancer still leaves analysts with some questions moving into later-stage development.

Pivotal findings for the off-the-shelf cell therapy surpassed William Blair’s expectations and sent Allogene Therapeutics’ stock up more than 50% in pre-market trading Monday morning.

Darovasertib, in combination with crizotinib, more than doubled progression-free survival in a registrational trial, leading Truist analysts to declare a “best-in-class efficacy profile” for the PKC inhibitor.

Sanofi has faced questions about the potential of lunsekimig in eczema, with executives calling the clinical trial a “measured risk.”

PepGen’s lead candidate for myotonic dystrophy type 1 barely beat the placebo in a Phase 2 trial in terms of fixing incorrect gene splicing, but the biotech attributed the poor result to an outlier.

While tonlamarsen missed one of two co-primary endpoints, Kardigan says the drug has shown a clinically meaningful effect on blood pressure, supporting advancement into Phase 2b.

William Blair hailed a positive readout in cutaneous lupus erythematosus as a turning point for Biogen, while RBC Capital analysts called the results “another derisking step” for the company’s immunology and inflammation pipeline.

The lack of a dose-response effect could be due to the high number of dropouts in the higher-dose Winrevair arm and the relatively small study population, a discussant for Merck explained.

A triplet regimen comprising Merck’s Welireg and PD-1 blockbuster Keytruda and Eisai’s Lenvima flopped in a Phase 3 renal cell carcinoma trial.

The Phase 3 failure has prompted Gilead Sciences and Arcus Biosciences to terminate a mid-stage study of their TIGIT asset in lung cancer.

Novo Nordisk’s etavopivat elicited a 27% drop in vaso-occlusive crises and 48.7% hemoglobin response after 24 weeks, creating “separation amongst PK class candidates,” Truist analysts said on Monday. Novo plans to seek FDA approval in the back half of 2026.

In a difficult disease, Revolution Medicines achieved what the pancreatic cancer community has long desired: a significant improvement in survival. The Phase 3 results will support global regulatory filings.

Darovasertib, in combination with crizotinib, more than doubled progression-free survival in a registrational trial, leading Truist analysts to declare a “best-in-class efficacy profile” for the PKC inhibitor.

Sales of Amgen’s thyroid eye disease drug Tepezza have slowed, dipping 1% to $457 million in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Presentations at the 2026 meeting of the American Academy of Dermatology not only demonstrate the therapeutic potential of next-generation skin drugs but also shed light on how they might fare on the market.

Despite hitting its primary endpoint, Viridian’s thyroid eye disease antibody failed to ease eye bulging to the degree that analysts had been hoping for, and the biotech’s stock price fell by one-third.

Merck is eyeing a quick review for its lipid-lowering drug candidate enlicitide, which in December was awarded a Commissioner’s National Priority Voucher.

Missing one of its co-primary endpoints could make it difficult for Karyopharm Therapeutics to score conventional approval for Xpovio in myelofibrosis, according to Jefferies analysts.

As technology becomes more integrated and personalized, experts say the biggest opportunity in diabetes management is reducing everyday burdens.

With programs from Eisai and Hansoh Pharmaceutical in hand, Tortugas Neuroscience has emerged with hopes of delivering daily oral treatments to patients with central nervous system conditions.

A triplet regimen comprising Merck’s Welireg and PD-1 blockbuster Keytruda and Eisai’s Lenvima flopped in a Phase 3 renal cell carcinoma trial.

Moderna, Revolution Medicines and Zymeworks record wins in melanoma, lung and breast cancers, while BeOne swings and misses at head and neck cancer.

The Phase 3 failure has prompted Gilead Sciences and Arcus Biosciences to terminate a mid-stage study of their TIGIT asset in lung cancer.

An investigational cocktail was tied to a 0% overall response rate in patients with gastroesophageal cancer, but developers Agenus and MiNK Therapeutics aren’t giving up on the program just yet.

Novo Nordisk’s etavopivat elicited a 27% drop in vaso-occlusive crises and 48.7% hemoglobin response after 24 weeks, creating “separation amongst PK class candidates,” Truist analysts said on Monday. Novo plans to seek FDA approval in the back half of 2026.

While Merck’s PD-1/VEGF asset appears to match the performance of Summit Therapeutics’ ivonescimab, the pharma’s Phase 1/2 readout in non-small cell lung cancer still leaves analysts with some questions moving into later-stage development.

In this episode of Denatured, you’ll be hearing from Edoardo Negroni, co-founder & managing partner at AurorA-TT and Naveed Siddiqi, senior partner, Venture Investments at Novo Holdings. We debate whether Europe’s world-class science can be matched by a truly integrated venture ecosystem—and what it would take, in practice, to get there.

Despite exceptional regional hubs and research strength, investors say Europe still needs more integrated incubators, smarter regulation and broader pools of patient capital to keep breakthrough companies growing at home.

On March 25, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration approved relacorilant (Lifyorli, Corcept Therapeutics Inc.), a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, in combination with nab-paclitaxel for the treatment of adults with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer who have received one to three prior systemic treatment regimens, at least one of which included bevacizumab.

On March 20, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration approved nivolumab (Opdivo, Bristol Myers Squibb Company) with doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (AVD) for adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with previously untreated, Stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL).

On March 5, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration approved teclistamab (Tecvayli, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) in combination with daratumumab hyaluronidase-fihj for adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma who have received at least one prior line of therapy including a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory agent. 

On February 26, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to zongertinib (Hernexeos, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc.), a kinase inhibitor, for an expanded indication for adults with unresectable or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have HER2 (ERBB2) tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) activating mutations, as detected by an FDA-authorized test.

On February 24, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration granted traditional approval to encorafenib (Braftovi, Array BioPharma Inc., a subsidiary of Pfizer Inc.) in combination with cetuximab and fluorouracil-based chemotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) with a BRAF V600E mutation, as detected by an FDA-authorized test. Encorafenib received accelerated approval in combination with cetuximab and mFOLFOX6 for metastatic colorectal cancer with BRAF V600E mutation in 2024. 

On February 19, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration approved acalabrutinib (Calquence, AstraZeneca) tablets and capsules in combination with venetoclax (Venclexta, AbbVie Inc. and Genentech Inc.) for adults with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL).

On February 10, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck) as well as pembrolizumab and berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph (Keytruda Qlex, Merck) in combination with paclitaxel, with or without bevacizumab, for adult patients with platinum-resistant epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma whose tumors express PD-L1 (CPS≥1) as determined by an FDA-authorized test, and who have received one or two prior systemic treatment regimens.

On January 27, 2026, the Food and Drug Administration approved daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj (Darzalex Faspro, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) in combination with bortezomib, lenalidomide, and dexamethasone (VRd) for adults with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma who are ineligible for autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT).

On December 17, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved amivantamab and hyaluronidase-lpuj (Rybrevant Faspro, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) for subcutaneous injection for adult patients across all indications approved for the intravenous formulation of amivantamab (Rybrevant, Janssen Biotech, Inc.). See the prescribing information for the specific indications.

On December 17, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved rucaparib (Rubraca, pharmaand GmbH) for adults with a deleterious BRCA mutation (BRCAm) (germline and/or somatic)-associated metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with an androgen receptor-directed therapy. Patients should be selected for therapy using an FDA-approved companion diagnostic (CDx).

On December 15, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved fam-trastuzumab deruxtecan-nxki (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo, Inc.) in combination with pertuzumab for the first-line treatment of adults with unresectable or metastatic HER2-positive (IHC 3+ or ISH+) breast cancer as determined by an FDA-approved test.

On December 12, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved niraparib and abiraterone acetate (Akeega, Janssen Biotech, Inc.) with prednisone for adults with deleterious or suspected deleterious BRCA2-mutated (BRCA2m) metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC), as determined by an FDA-approved test.

On December 4, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved lisocabtagene maraleucel (Breyanzi, Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company) for adults with relapsed or refractory marginal zone lymphoma (MZL) who have received at least two prior lines of systemic therapy

On December 3, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted traditional approval to pirtobrutinib (Jaypirca, Eli Lilly and Company) for adults with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia or small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) who have previously been treated with a covalent BTK inhibitor. In 2023, FDA granted accelerated approval to pirtobrutinib for adults with CLL/SLL who have received at least two prior lines of therapy, including a BTK inhibitor and a BCL-2 inhibitor.

On November 25, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved durvalumab (Imfinzi, AstraZeneca) with fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel (FLOT) chemotherapy as neoadjuvant and adjuvant treatment, followed by single agent durvalumab, for adults with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GC/GEJC).

On November 21, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda, Merck) or pembrolizumab and berahyaluronidase alfa-pmph (Keytruda Qlex, Merck) with enfortumab vedotin-ejfv (Padcev, Astellas Pharma) as neoadjuvant treatment followed by adjuvant treatment after cystectomy for adults with muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) who are ineligible for cisplatin.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted traditional approval to tarlatamab-dlle (Imdelltra, Amgen Inc.) for adults with extensive stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) with disease progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Tarlatamab-dlle received accelerated approval for this indication in 2024.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted accelerated approval to sevabertinib (Hyrnuo, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc.), a kinase inhibitor, for adults with locally advanced or metastatic, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors have HER2 (ERBB2) tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) activating mutations, as detected by an FDA-approved test, and who have received a prior systemic therapy.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration granted traditional approval to daratumumab and hyaluronidase-fihj (Darzalex Faspro, Janssen Biotech Inc.) with bortezomib, cyclophosphamide, and dexamethasone (VCd) for newly diagnosed light chain (AL) amyloidosis. FDA granted accelerated approval for this indication in 2021.

On November 19, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved selumetinib (KOSELUGO, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals LP) for adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN). FDA previously approved selumetinib capsules and granules for pediatric patients 1 year of age and older for this indication.

On November 18, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved epcoritamab-bysp (Epkinly, Genmab US, Inc.) with lenalidomide and rituximab for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma (FL). The FDA also granted traditional approval to epcoritamab-bysp as monotherapy for relapsed or refractory FL after two or more lines of systemic therapy (epcoritamab-bysp was granted accelerated approval for this indication in 2024). 

On November 13, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved Poherdy (pertuzumab-dpzb, Shanghai Henlius Biologics Co. Ltd.) as an interchangeable biosimilar to Perjeta (pertuzumab, Genentech Inc.). This is the first approval of a biosimilar for Perjeta.

On November 13, 2025, the Food and Drug Administration approved ziftomenib (Komzifti, Kura Oncology, Inc.), a menin inhibitor, for adults with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a susceptible nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutation who have no satisfactory alternative treatment options.

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